Greece

Carol G. Thomas is Professor of History and Vidalakis Professor of Hellenic Studies at the University of Washington, Seattle. Her publications include Alexander the Great in His World (Wiley-Blackwell 2007), The Trojan War (2005), Finding People in Early Greece (2005), and Citadel to City State: The Transformation of Greece 1200-700 BCE (1999).

• Preface ixAcknowledgments xvii1 Mountains and Sea 1The Physical Character of Greece 6Earliest Inhabitants 8Neolithic Period: Settled Life in Greece 9Kuria 11Notes 14Further Reading 152 The Age of Heroes 17The Role of Islands 19The Greek Age of Heroes 23Penelope and Odysseus 26Notes 29Further Reading 293 End of the Bronze Age: Slow Reshaping 31The Dark Age 31Archaic Age: Revival 33Establishing Classical Greece 35Hesiod 40Notes 43Further Reading 444 The Second Age of Heroes: Classical Greece 47Mediterranean Impact 48The Golden Age 51Athens’ Rise to Dominance 55Socrates, Citizen of Athens: Wisest Man in the World? 58Outcome: The Peloponnesian War 60Fourth-Century Greece 63Notes 65Further Reading 655 Incorporation into a Larger State 67The Northern Neighbor: Macedon 67Alexander III 71Alexander’s Successors 74The Greatest of Kings: Philip II 81Notes 85Further Reading 866 Graecia Capta: Roman Control 89Roman Administration 94Life in the Province of Achaea 97Polybius: A Greek Captive Praises Rome 102Notes 106Further Reading 1067 Power Returns to Greece: The Byzantine Empire 109Separation from Rome 110Restoration of Order 112Decline 116The Byzantine Greek World 117Administration 119Economic Health 121Byzantine Culture 122Anna Comnena: Daughter of the Emperor and Historian of Byzantium 125Notes 127Further Reading 1288 Ottoman Greece: 1453–1821 129Ottoman Control of Greece 132Eighteenth Century 137Those Who Said “No” 140Theodore Kolokotronis 140Adamantios Korais 142Rigas Velestinlis (Pheraios) 143Notes 144Further Reading 1459 Building a New State: 1821–1935 147Enter Otto I 1531862–1913 156Eleftherios Venizelos, 1864–1936 1581922–1935 162Notes 163Further Reading 16310 A Player in the Modern World: 1935 to Present 165Resistance Fighters 1681944–1952 1691952 to Present 171Greece in the New World Order 176Constantine and Costas Karamanlis 179Notes 182Further Reading 18211 Conclusion: Past and Present 185Notes 191Further Reading 191Chronology: Major Ages of Greek History 193Index 195