Gray's Surface Anatomy and Ultrasound

Andrew Dilley, BSc PhD, Lecturer in Anatomy, Division of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; Barry Mitchell, BSc, MSc, PhD, FIBMS, FIBiol, Dean, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK Richard L. Drake PhD is Director of Anatomy, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; USA.

• 1. IntroductionConceptual overviewSurface anatomyAnatomical position and planesAnatomical termsMovementFasciaSkinSkin colorDermatomes and myotomesNatural variationPalpation and percussionUltrasoundUltrasound theoryDopplerTypes of transducerImaging planesScreen orientationErgonomicsManipulating the transducerShort-axis and long-axis viewsImage terminologyAppearance of tissues2. ThoraxConceptual overviewSurface anatomyBonesMusclesBreastThoracic cavityUltrasoundAnterior muscles of the thorax and lungsHeartVideo 2.1 Colour Doppler ultrasound image sequence of the heart - apical view.3. AbdomenConceptual overviewSurface anatomyBonesAbdominal regionsMusclesVisceraUltrasoundAnterior abdominal musculatureGastrointestinal tractLiverKidneySpleenPancreasVasculatureVideo 3.1 B-mode ultrasound image sequence of the jejunum - transverse view.4. Pelvis and perineumConceptual overviewSurface anatomy BonesMusclesVisceraPerineumPregnancyUltrasoundMale pelvisFemale pelvisVideo 4.1 Colour Doppler ultrasound image sequence of the bladder - mid-sagittal view.5. BackConceptual overviewSurface anatomyCurvaturesBonesLigamentsJointsMusclesMovementsVertebral canal and spinal nervesUltrasound6. Upper limbConceptual overviewSurface anatomyShoulderAxillaArmForearmHandNeurovascular structuresUltrasoundScalene triangleShoulder regionDeltoid muscleRotator cuff musclesAnterior armPosterior armElbowAnterior forearmPosterior forearmHandVideo 6.1 B-mode ultrasound image sequence of the long flexor tendons immediately proximal to the wrist - long-axis view.7. Lower limbConceptual overviewSurface anatomyGluteal regionThighKnee jointLegFootNeurovascular structuresUltrasoundGluteal regionFemoral triangleAnterior thighKneeMedial thigh and adductor canalPosterior thigh and popliteal fossaAnterior legPosterior legLateral legVideo 7.1 Colour Doppler ultrasound image sequence of the femoral artery and vein in the thigh - long-axis view.8. Head and neckConceptual overviewSurface anatomyHeadNeckLymphNeurovascularUltrasoundEyeParotid glandSubmandibular glandFloor of the oral cavityCarotid systemThyroid glandPosterior triangle of neckVideo 8.1 Colour Doppler ultrasound image sequence of the internal and external carotid arteries (red) and internal jugular vein (blue) in the neck - short-axis view.