Grammar of Duhumbi (Chugpa)

Timotheus Adrianus Bodt, Ph.D. (2017), University of Bern, is currently affiliated as associate researcher (postdoc) to the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. He has published two monographs and several journal articles focusing on the linguistic, ethnographic and historical background of the Tibet-Bhutan-India borderlands.

• PrefaceAcknowledgementsList of tablesList of Glosses, conventions and symbols1 The Duhumbi and their language1.1 Geographical setting1.2 Geopolitical setting1.3 Autonyms, exonyms and population1.4 Origin and settlement1.5 Livelihood, culture and religion1.6 Duhumbi ngak1.7 The data and corpus2 Phonology and orthography2.1 Transcription systems and orthographies2.2 Non-native and marginal phonemes and allophones2.3 The vowel system2.4 The consonant system2.5 Syllable structure and phonotactics2.6 Prosodic features of Duhumbi2.7 Two-way contrast on plosives and affricates3 Parts of speech3.1 Nominal versus verbal parts of speech3.2 Pronouns3.3 Nouns3.4 Proper nouns3.5 Adjectives3.6 Demonstratives3.7 Numerals3.8 Postpositions3.9 Adverbs3.10 Expressives3.11 Interrogatives3.12 Verbal parts of speech3.13 Other parts of speech4 Lexical aspects4.1 Nouns4.2 Proper nouns4.3 Adjectives4.4 Adverbs4.5 Expressives4.6 Numerals4.7 Lexical registers4.8 Complex predicates4.9 Particular verbs4.10 Interjections4.11 The borrowed lexicon5 Nominalisations5.1 Pure derivational nominalisers5.2 Nominaliser -ba nom5.3 Nominaliser -baʔ inf6 The noun phrase6.1 Constituent order in noun phrases6.2 Grammatical relations and case markers6.3 Other nominal suffixes6.4 Intensity6.5 Use of adjectives6.6 Use of demonstratives6.7 Use of the numeral hin ‘one’6.8 Use of the postposition naŋ- ‘in’6.9 Use of interrogatives7 Verbal morphology7.1 Imperfective -da ipfv7.2 Past tenses7.3 Non-past tenses7.4 Summary of verbal morphology8 Non-verbal predicates8.1 Verb and copula-less clauses8.2 Copula beʔ cop.ex8.3 Copula le cop.le8.4 Copula giʨʰa cop.eq8.5 Copula ɕi cop.as8.6 Copula in possessive relations8.7 Copular verb ʥu- ‘be’8.8 Negative copular verbs and copula balaŋ8.9 Limited conjugational flexibility of copular verbs9 Serial verb constructions9.1 Types of SVC9.2 SVCs in various contexts9.3 SVCs and prosody9.4 Modifying verbs9.5 Symmetrical SVCs9.6 Asymmetrical SVCs9.7 SVCs in a historical-comparative perspective10 Non-declarative clause types10.1 Interrogatives10.2 Question markers10.3 Formation of questions10.4 Question sub-types10.5 Moods11 Complex sentences11.1 Imperfective phrases and clauses11.2 Subordination with -ba nom and -baʔ inf11.3 Subordination with -tʰaŋ lcn11.4 Other cotemporal subordinators11.5 Conditional with -se cond11.6 Copular causal subordination11.7 Conjunctions11.8 Modifying suffixes and clitics12 Discourse structure12.1 Discourse structuring12.2 Discourse particles12.3 Topic, focus and emphasis13 Texts13.1 Duhumbi text genres13.2 Metadata of texts13.3 Metadata of speakers13.4 Descriptions of all texts13.5 Zenodo DOIs of texts13.6 Elicitation files13.7 Text: NNK; CHUK260413A2A13.8 Text LGT; CHUK300412J213.9 Text: LEL; CHUKx13A613.10 Text: DTPK; CHUK131014ReferencesIndexFigures