Governance of Marine Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation

Serge M. Garcia is the former Research Director of the French Institute of Research for Development (IRD) and former Director of the FAO Fisheries Management Division. Now retired, he chairs the Fisheries Expert Group of the IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management (IUCN-CEM-FEG) established under the coordination of the European Bureau of Conservation and Development (EBCD). Jake Rice is Chief Scientist, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Government of Canada (DFO) and senior Canadian science advisor on international marine conservation and sustainable use policy. He has over 250 scientific and technical publications, in 32 years in the Science sector of DFO.  He has been active as a scientific expert and in delegations to CBD, FAO, IPCC and various UN working groups. He is the vice chair of IUCN-CEM-FEG. Anthony Charles is Director of the School of the Environment and Professor in the School of Business at Saint Mary’s University (Halifax, Canada). He is a Pew Fellow in Marine Conservation, and leads the international Community Conservation Research Network. His work focuses on marine resource management, economics and policy, coastal communities and small-scale fisheries. He is an active member of the IUCN-CEM-FEG.

• Notes on contributors viii Foreword by Bonnie J. McCay xviForeword by Árni M. Mathiesen xviiiForeword by Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias xxPreface xxiiAcknowledgements xxvList of selected acronyms xxviGlossary xxxPART I: GOVERNANCE TRENDS AND CHALLENGES 11 Governance of marine fisheries and biodiversity conservation: A history 3S.M. Garcia, J. Rice and A. Charles2 Governance of marine fisheries and biodiversity conservation: Convergence or coevolution? 18S.M. Garcia, J. Rice and A. Charles3 Governance of marine fisheries and biodiversity conservation: the integration challenge 37S.M. Garcia, J. Rice and A. CharlesPART II: GOVERNANCE DIMENSIONS 534 Bio-ecological dimensions of fisheries management, biodiversity and governance 55J. Rice and P. Mace5 The economic dimension: addressing behaviour, incentives and context for effective governance 68S. Hanna6 The social dimension: the challenge of dealing with equity 82B. Hersoug7 The global legal dimension: navigating the legal currents of rights and responsibilities 96A.H. Hoel and D. VanderZwaag8 Spatial dimensions of fisheries and biodiversity governance 110R. Kenchington, O. Vestergaard and S.M. Garcia9 Scientific foundation: towards integration 124J. Rice, S. Jennings and A. CharlesPART III: GLOBAL GOVERNANCE 13710 Global level institutions and processes: frameworks for understanding critical roles and foundations of cooperation and integration 139L. Ridgeway11 Global level institutions and processes: assessment of critical roles, foundations of cooperation and integration and their contribution to integrated marine governance 148L. Ridgeway12 Integrative policy and legal instruments, approaches and tools: fisheries and biodiversity conservation 166B. Kuemlangan, J. Sanders, P. Deupmann and C. De Young13 Conservation and risk of extinction of marine species 181P. Mace, C. O’Criodain, J. Rice and G. Sant14 Parallel initiatives: CBD’s Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) and FAO’s Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) criteria and processes 195J. Rice, J. Lee and M. TandstadPART IV: REGIONAL GOVERNANCE 20915 Regional governance for fisheries and biodiversity 211R. Warner, K.M. Gjerde and D. Freestone16 Regional governance: the case of NEAFC and OSPAR 225K. Hoydal, D. Johnson and A.H. Hoel17 Regional governance: the Mediterranean cradle 239F. Simard, M. Camilleri and L. Sbai18 CCAMLR and Antarctic conservation: the leader to follow? 253D. Miller and N.M. Slicer19 Implementation of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries in the Benguela Current LME area 271J. Augustyn, S. Petersen, L. Shannon and H. Hamukuaya20 Governance of marine fisheries and conservation in the context of the European Union 285S. Beslier and B. DrobenkoPART V: NATIONAL GOVERNANCE 29921 The use of national frameworks for sustainable development of marine fisheries and conservation, ecosystem-based management and integrated ocean management 301K. Sainsbury, P. Gullestad and J. Rice22 Small-scale fisheries: importance, vulnerability and deficient knowledge 317J. Kolding, C. Béné and M. Bavinck23 Stewardship in tropical small-scale fisheries: community and national perspectives 332P. Christie, L.M. Campbell and N. Armada24 Making space for small-scale fishing communities: use and misuse of spatial management instruments 346M.R. Sowman, R. Rajagopalan, C. Sharma and J. Sunde25 ENGOs and SIDS: environmental interventions in small island developing states 360P. McConney, R. Pomeroy and Z. Khan26 The role of capacity building for improving governance of fisheries and conservation of marine ecosystems 374J.C. Seijo and S. Salas27 F ishers’ organizations: their role in decision-making for fisheries and conservation 385M. Makino, A.S. Cabanban and S. Jentoft28 The role of courts in fisheries management and marine biodiversity protection: US and EU systems 398P. Shelley and T. van RijnPART VI: CONCLUSION 41129 A tale of two streams: synthesizing governance of marine fisheries and biodiversity conservation 413A. Charles, S.M. Garcia and J. RiceANNEXESAnnex 1: History of fisheries and biodiversity conservation: A timeline of key events (1850–2012) 429Annex 2: Key global institutions, bodies and processes: Roles, participation and main focus 461Index 497

“A significant strength of the book is its multidisciplinary approach combined with the contributors’ collective hands-on experience.  Together they offer considerable insights and rich descriptions.  Each chapter offers new insights in the topic, and no chapter is redundant.  Because of the book’s richness of perspectives and its structure, it is excellent for looking up various topics of interest, whether the reader is a newcomer to the field or is knowledgeable in areas of the book.  The book is therefore suitable for anyone addressing fisheries governance and/or biodiversity conservation.”  (Marine Biology Research, 25 June 2015) 'A significant strengh of the book is its multidisciplinary approach combined with the contributors' collective hands-on experience. (...) Because of the book's richness of perspectives and its structure, it is excellent for looking up various topics of interest, whether the reader is a newcomer to the field or is knowledgeable in areas of the book. (...) the book is an accomplishment in that it has managed to include perspectives from a range of disciplines, providing a unique richness of perspectives and detailed descriptions of management bodies, instruments, frameworks, concepts, ideas, regulations and laws. It is a valuable book for anyone addressing fisheries governance and/or biodiversity conservation and a must for a wide range of libraries.'Kjellrun Hiis Hauge, Marine Biology Research, 2015