Robert C. Beckman, LL.M. (1976), Head, Ocean Law & Policy Programme, Centre for International Law, and Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, National University of Singapore.Tore Henriksen, Ph.D. (2001), Professor and Director, K.G. Jebsen Centre for the Law of the Sea (JCLOS), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø.Kristine Dalaker Kraabel, J.D. (1997), Ph.D Research Fellow, K.G. Jebsen Centre for the Law of the Sea (JCLOS), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø. Erik J. Molenaar, Ph.D. (1998), Professor, K.G. Jebsen Centre for the Law of the Sea (JCLOS), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, and Deputy Director of Netherlands Institute for the Law of the Sea (NILOS), Utrecht University.J. Ashley Roach, LL.M. (1971), Captain, JAGC, USN (retired), Office of the Legal Adviser, U.S. State Department (retired), Visiting Senior Principal Research Fellow, Centre for International Law, National University of Singapore.

• ForewordAcknowledgementsList of FiguresList of AbbreviationsList of ContributorsPart 1: Background and Context1 The Changing Maritime Arctic and New Marine OperationsLawson W Brigham2 The Arctic, the Arctic Council, and the Law of the SeaErik J Molenaar3 The Rights, Interests and Role of the Arctic Council Permanent ParticipantsDalee Sambo DoroughPart 2: The Role of the IMO4 The IMO, its Role under UNCLOS and its Polar Shipping RegulationAldo Chircop5 The Polar Code and its AdequacyJ Ashley RoachPart 3: Rights, Interests, Positions and Practice of Arctic Coastal States6 RussiaJan Jakub Solski7 Canada and the United StatesDonald R Rothwell8 Norway, Denmark (on behalf of Greenland) and IcelandTore HenriksenPart 4: Rights, Interests, Positions and Practice of User States9 Rights, Interests, Positions and Practices of Asian Flag States, with Special Reference to the Republic of KoreaDeukhoon (Peter) Han and Sung-Woo Lee10 Equal Treatment and Non-Discrimination for User StatesGuifang (Julia) Xue & Yu Long11 The Rights and Interests of Japan in regard to Arctic ShippingKentaro NishimotoPart 5: Cooperative Mechanisms for the Governance of Shipping12 The Cooperative Mechanism for the Straits of Malacca and SingaporeRobert Beckman and Sun Zhen13 Oil Spill Preparedness and Response—The Singapore ExperienceCaptain M Segar14 Conclusions on Challenges and Prospects for Enhanced Cooperation on the Governance of Arctic ShippingRobert Beckman, Tore Henriksen, Kristine Dalaker Kraabel, Erik J Molenaar and J Ashley RoachIndex

Robert C. Beckman, LL.M. (1976), Head, Ocean Law & Policy Programme, Centre for International Law, and Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, National University of Singapore.Tore Henriksen, Ph.D. (2001), Professor and Director, K.G. Jebsen Centre for the Law of the Sea (JCLOS), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø.Kristine Dalaker Kraabel, J.D. (1997), Ph.D Research Fellow, K.G. Jebsen Centre for the Law of the Sea (JCLOS), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø. Erik J. Molenaar, Ph.D. (1998), Professor, K.G. Jebsen Centre for the Law of the Sea (JCLOS), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, and Deputy Director of Netherlands Institute for the Law of the Sea (NILOS), Utrecht University.J. Ashley Roach, LL.M. (1971), Captain, JAGC, USN (retired), Office of the Legal Adviser, U.S. State Department (retired), Visiting Senior Principal Research Fellow, Centre for International Law, National University of Singapore.

• ForewordAcknowledgementsList of FiguresList of AbbreviationsList of ContributorsPart 1: Background and Context1 The Changing Maritime Arctic and New Marine OperationsLawson W Brigham2 The Arctic, the Arctic Council, and the Law of the SeaErik J Molenaar3 The Rights, Interests and Role of the Arctic Council Permanent ParticipantsDalee Sambo DoroughPart 2: The Role of the IMO4 The IMO, its Role under UNCLOS and its Polar Shipping RegulationAldo Chircop5 The Polar Code and its AdequacyJ Ashley RoachPart 3: Rights, Interests, Positions and Practice of Arctic Coastal States6 RussiaJan Jakub Solski7 Canada and the United StatesDonald R Rothwell8 Norway, Denmark (on behalf of Greenland) and IcelandTore HenriksenPart 4: Rights, Interests, Positions and Practice of User States9 Rights, Interests, Positions and Practices of Asian Flag States, with Special Reference to the Republic of KoreaDeukhoon (Peter) Han and Sung-Woo Lee10 Equal Treatment and Non-Discrimination for User StatesGuifang (Julia) Xue & Yu Long11 The Rights and Interests of Japan in regard to Arctic ShippingKentaro NishimotoPart 5: Cooperative Mechanisms for the Governance of Shipping12 The Cooperative Mechanism for the Straits of Malacca and SingaporeRobert Beckman and Sun Zhen13 Oil Spill Preparedness and Response—The Singapore ExperienceCaptain M Segar14 Conclusions on Challenges and Prospects for Enhanced Cooperation on the Governance of Arctic ShippingRobert Beckman, Tore Henriksen, Kristine Dalaker Kraabel, Erik J Molenaar and J Ashley RoachIndex

Robert C. Beckman, LL.M. (1976), Head, Ocean Law & Policy Programme, Centre for International Law, and Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, National University of Singapore.Tore Henriksen, Ph.D. (2001), Professor and Director, K.G. Jebsen Centre for the Law of the Sea (JCLOS), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø.Kristine Dalaker Kraabel, J.D. (1997), Ph.D Research Fellow, K.G. Jebsen Centre for the Law of the Sea (JCLOS), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø. Erik J. Molenaar, Ph.D. (1998), Professor, K.G. Jebsen Centre for the Law of the Sea (JCLOS), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, and Deputy Director of Netherlands Institute for the Law of the Sea (NILOS), Utrecht University.J. Ashley Roach, LL.M. (1971), Captain, JAGC, USN (retired), Office of the Legal Adviser, U.S. State Department (retired), Visiting Senior Principal Research Fellow, Centre for International Law, National University of Singapore.

• ForewordAcknowledgementsList of FiguresList of AbbreviationsList of ContributorsPart 1: Background and Context1 The Changing Maritime Arctic and New Marine OperationsLawson W Brigham2 The Arctic, the Arctic Council, and the Law of the SeaErik J Molenaar3 The Rights, Interests and Role of the Arctic Council Permanent ParticipantsDalee Sambo DoroughPart 2: The Role of the IMO4 The IMO, its Role under UNCLOS and its Polar Shipping RegulationAldo Chircop5 The Polar Code and its AdequacyJ Ashley RoachPart 3: Rights, Interests, Positions and Practice of Arctic Coastal States6 RussiaJan Jakub Solski7 Canada and the United StatesDonald R Rothwell8 Norway, Denmark (on behalf of Greenland) and IcelandTore HenriksenPart 4: Rights, Interests, Positions and Practice of User States9 Rights, Interests, Positions and Practices of Asian Flag States, with Special Reference to the Republic of KoreaDeukhoon (Peter) Han and Sung-Woo Lee10 Equal Treatment and Non-Discrimination for User StatesGuifang (Julia) Xue & Yu Long11 The Rights and Interests of Japan in regard to Arctic ShippingKentaro NishimotoPart 5: Cooperative Mechanisms for the Governance of Shipping12 The Cooperative Mechanism for the Straits of Malacca and SingaporeRobert Beckman and Sun Zhen13 Oil Spill Preparedness and Response—The Singapore ExperienceCaptain M Segar14 Conclusions on Challenges and Prospects for Enhanced Cooperation on the Governance of Arctic ShippingRobert Beckman, Tore Henriksen, Kristine Dalaker Kraabel, Erik J Molenaar and J Ashley RoachIndex