David E. Newton is the author of more than 400 textbooks, encyclopedias, workbooks, and other educational materials, primarily in the field of science and math.

• Preface to the First EditionPreface to the Second Edition1. Background and HistoryHybridizationThe Birth of GeneticsThe GeneThe Process of Genetic EngineeringConcerns about rDNA ResearcHistory of rDNA RegulationBreakthroughs in rDNA ResearchGenetically Modified AnimalsTechnical ProblemsRegulatory IssuesGenetically Modified PlantsBt CropsTypes of Genetically Modified PlantsConclusionReferences2. Problems, Controversies, and SolutionsOpposition to Genetically Modified Foods in the United StatesPublic Opinion on Genetically Modified FoodsPublic Opinion in the United StatesPublic Opinion in EuropeRegulation of Genetically Modified Crops and FoodsRegulation in the United StatesRegulation in the European UnionLabeling of Genetically Modified FoodsThe Labeling Issue in the EUThe Labeling Issue in the United StatesGMO Regulations WorldwideGenetically Modified Crops and Foods: Pros and ConsAgricultural SystemPotential BenefitsPotential HarmHuman HealthPotential BenefitsPotential HarmThe Natural EnvironmentPotential BenefitsPotential HarmPotential Social and Economic HarmConclusionReferences3. PerspectivesIntroductionGenetic Engineering in Agriculture: Uncertainties and Risks, Debal DebThe Case for Teaching Food in Schools, Yussra MT EbrahimImproving Crops with CRISPR, Phill JonesIn the Know: Genetically Modified Foods, Rashmi NemadeGenetically Modified Organisms, Tony OwenGMO Foods in Developing Countries, Santosh PandeyLabeling Bioengineered Foods: Theory vs. Reality, Ellen RubinGenetically Modified Crops in Africa: Fear of the Unknown?, Elizabeth ShooAccepting Genetically Modified Crops in India, SwetaA Growing World Demands New Food Technology, Susan Young4. ProfilesIntroductionBiotechnology Regulatory ServicesBiotechnology Innovation OrganizationJosé Bové (1953–)Herbert Boyer (1936–)Canadian Biotechnology Action NetworkCenter for Food SafetyEmmanuelle Charpentier (1968–)Mary-Dell Chilton (1939–)Stanley N. Cohen (1935–)CropLife InternationalJennifer Doudna (1964–)Food & Water WatchRobert T. Fraley (1953–)John E. Franz (1929–)Dennis Gonsalves (1943–)Greenpeace InternationalInternational Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech ApplicationsSteve Lindow (1951–)Mark Lynas (1973–)Monsanto (Bayer Crop Science)Non-GMO ProjectIngo Potrykus (1933–)Maxine Singer (1931–)Marc van Montagu (1933–)World Health Organization5. Data and DocumentsIntroductionDataTable 5.1. Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States, 2000–19 (percent of all planted crop; all genetically engineered varieties)Table 5.2. Number of Releases of Genetically Engineered Organism Varieties Approved by APHIS, 1985–2013Table 5.3. Total Number of GMO Crop Releases Approved by APHIS, to 2013Table 5.4. Number of Releases Approved by APHIS by Genetic Trait, to 2013Table 5.5. Prevalence of Bt IR and Stacked Gene Crops in U.S. Agriculture, 2000–19 (percentage of each crop)DocumentsPlant Patent Act of 1930Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303 (1980)Coordinated Framework for the Regulation of Biotechnology (1986)Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000)Regulation of Genetically Modified Foods by the European Union (2003)Mendocino County (California) Ban on Genetically Modified Crops (2004/2019)The Safety of Genetically Modified Foods, GAO Report (2002)Invoking of Preemption (North Dakota, SB2277; 2005)Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms, 561 U.S. 139 (2010)Bowman v. Monsanto, et al., 569 U.S. 11-796 (2013)National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard (Public Law 114-216) (2016)National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard (2018)Regulation of Gene-Editing Technology (2018)6. ResourcesBooksArticlesReportsInternet Sources7. ChronologyGlossaryIndex