Globalization

GEORGE RITZER is Distinguished University Professor Emeritus at the University of Maryland, USA. He is Editor-In-Chief of the Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology from 2007, and author of several books including The McDonaldization of Society (9th ed., 2018) and The Globalization of Nothing (2nd ed., 2007).PAUL DEAN is Associate Professor and Department Chair of Sociology/Anthropology at Ohio Wesleyan University, USA. He is an award-winning teacher whose teaching and research focus on globalization, social inequality, economic sociology, social movements, and race and ethnicity. He is coauthor with George Ritzer of Globalization: The Essentials (2nd ed., Wiley Blackwell 2019).

• About the Website xiList of Figures xiiPreface xiii1 Globalization I 1Liquids, Flows, and StructuresSome of the Basics 2From Solids to Liquids (to Gases) 3Flows 6Heavy, Light, Weightless 9Heavy Structures That Expedite Flows 11Heavy Structures as Barriers to Flows 16The Winners and Losers of Global Flows 18On the Increasing Ubiquity of Global Flows and Structures 20Thinking About Global Flows and Structures 21Chapter Summary 232 Globalization II 31Some Basic Issues, Debates, and ControversiesIs There Such a Thing as Globalization? 32Is it Globalization, Transnationalization, or Regionalization? 35If There is Such a Thing as Globalization, When Did it Begin? 36Globalization or Globalizations? 43What Drives Globalization? 47Does Globalization Hop Rather than Flow? 48If There Is Such a Thing as Globalization, Is It Inexorable? 49Who Controls Globalization? 51Does Globaphilia or Globaphobia Have the Upper Hand? 53What, if Anything, Can Be Done About Globalization? 57Chapter Summary 593 Globalization and Related Processes 67Imperialism, Colonialism, Development, Westernization, Easternization, and AmericanizationImperialism 68Colonialism 72Development 75Westernization 77Easternization 80Americanization 81Comparisons with Globalization 92The Era of the “Posts” 93Chapter Summary 954 Neoliberalism 105Roots, Principles, Criticisms, and Neo-Marxian AlternativesThe Historical Context of Neoliberalism 106Neoliberalism: The Basic Principles 111Critiquing Neoliberalism 118Neoliberalism: The Case of Israel 124The Death of Neoliberalism? 125Neo-Marxian Theoretical Alternatives to Neoliberalism 126Chapter Summary 1305 Global Political Structures and Processes 139On Political Processes and Flows 140The Nation-State 141“Imagined Community” 147Changes in Global Nation-State Relations 149Global Political Developments and Structures 160Regional Political Organizations 163Global Governance 164Civil Society 167Chapter Summary 1736 Structuring the Global Economy 181Before Bretton Woods 182Bretton Woods and the Bretton Woods System 184The End of Bretton Woods 194Regional Economic Integration and Free Trade 199Other Economic Organizations 207The Role of Emerging Economies 208The Multinational Corporation (MNC) 209The Myth of Economic Globalization? 212Chapter Summary 2137 Global Economic Flows 219Production and ConsumptionGlobal Trade Flows 220Global Value Chains 222Increasing Competition for Commodities 231The Economic Impact of the Flow of Oil 232Race to the Bottom and Upgrading 235Outsourcing 237Financial Globalization 239Corporations, People, and Ideas 243Consumption 246Chapter Summary 2538 Global Culture and Cultural Flows 261Cultural Differentialism 263Cultural Hybridization 272Cultural Convergence 276Sport: A Case Study for Global Culture 287Chapter Summary 2939 High-tech Global Flows and Structures 301Technology, Mass Media, the Internet, and Social MediaTechnology, Time-Space Compression, and Distanciation 302Mass Media 311The Internet and Social Media 318Chapter Summary 33210 Global Flows of People 341Migration, Human Trafficking, and TourismMigrants 342Migration Flows 345Human Trafficking 369Tourism 372Chapter Summary 37411 Global Environmental Flows 383Modernization and Environmental Flows 385Differences among Nation-States 387Global Climate Change 388Other Environmental Problems 399Global Responses 404Framing Global Responses 413From Lightness to Heaviness in Environmental Flows 416Collapse 416Chapter Summary 41712 Negative Global Flows and Processes 427Diseases, Dangerous Imports, Crime, Terrorism, WarBorderless Diseases 429Dangerous Imports 435Crime 438Terrorism 443War 453The Impact of Negative Global Flows on Individuals 462Chapter Summary 46313 Global Economic Power and Inequality 471Class Inequalities and Global CitiesClass Inequality 472Global Cities and the Rural-Urban Context 487Chapter Summary 50214 Global Power and Inequalities II 509Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and SexualityPower and Inequality 510Race and Ethnicity 519Gender and Sexuality 532Chapter Summary 54315 Dealing With, Resisting, and the Futures Of, Globalization 553Dealing with Globalization 554Resisting Globalization 568Social Movements and Alter-Globalizations 574The Futures of Globalization 585Chapter Summary 588Appendix 595Anthropology 596Sociology 596Political Science 597Economics 598Geography 600Psychology 601Literary Criticism (Postcolonial) 602Other Fields 603Glossary 607Index 619

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