Edited by John Cantwell, Professor of International Business, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, US

• Contents:AcknowledgementsIntroduction John CantwellPART IORIGINS OF CLUSTERS – THEORY AND STATISTICS 1. Paul Krugman (1991), ‘Increasing Returns and Economic Geography’2. Glenn Ellison and Edward L. Glaeser (1997), ‘Geographic Concentration in U.S. Manufacturing Industries: A Dartboard Approach’3. Michael E. Porter (2000), ‘Location, Competition and Economic Development: Local Clusters in a Global Economy’4. Claus Steinle and Holger Schiele (2002), ‘When Do Industries Cluster? A Proposal on How to Assess an Industry’s Propensity to Concentrate at a Single Region or Nation’PART IIORIGINS OF CLUSTERS – EMPIRICAL STUDIES 5. Maryann Feldman and Yda Schreuder (1996), ‘Initial Advantage: The Origins of the Geographic Concentration of the Pharmaceutical Industry in the Mid-Atlantic Region’6. Peter Swann and Martha Prevezer (1996), ‘A Comparison of the Dynamics of Industrial Clustering in Computing and Biotechnology’7. David B. Audretsch and Maryann P. Feldman (1996), ‘Innovative Clusters and the Industry Life Cycle’8. Anders Malmberg, Örjan Sölvell and Ivo Zander (1996), ‘Spatial Clustering, Local Accumulation of Knowledge and Firm Competitiveness’PART IIITYPES OF SPILLOVERS AND CLUSTERS 9. Jeffrey I. Bernstein and M. Ishaq Nadiri (1989), ‘Research and Development and Intra-industry Spillovers: An Empirical Application of Dynamic Duality’10. Edward L. Glaeser, Hedi D. Kallal, José A. Scheinkman and Andrei Shleifer (1992), ‘Growth in Cities’11. Antonio Ciccone and Robert E. Hall (1996), ‘Productivity and the Density of Economic Activity’12. David B. Audretsch and Maryann P. Feldman (1996), ‘R&D Spillovers and the Geography of Innovation and Production’13. Rui Baptista and Peter Swann (1998), ‘Do Firms in Clusters Innovate More?’PART IVSCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY LINKAGES 14. Adam B. Jaffe (1989), ‘Real Effects of Academic Research’15. Adam B. Jaffe, Manuel Trajtenberg and Rebecca Henderson (1993), ‘Geographic Localization of Knowledge Spillovers as Evidenced by Patent Citations’16. David B. Audretsch and Paula E. Stephan (1996), ‘Company-Scientist Locational Links: The Case of Biotechnology’17. Lynne G. Zucker, Michael R. Darby and Jeff Armstrong (1998), ‘Geographically Localized Knowledge: Spillovers or Markets?’18. David C. Mowery and Arvids A. Ziedonis (2001), ‘The Geographic Reach of Market and Non-Market Channels of Technology Transfer: Comparing Citations and Licenses of University Patents’PART VLOCATIONAL HIERARCHIES AND MNCs 19. Michael Storper (1992), ‘The Limits to Globalization: Technology Districts and International Trade’20. John Cantwell and Odile Janne (1999), ‘Technological Globalisation and Innovative Centres: The Role of Corporate Technological Leadership and Locational Hierarchy’21. John H. Dunning (2000), ‘Regions, Globalization, and the Knowledge Economy: The Issues Stated’22. John Cantwell, Simona Iammarino and Camilla Noonan (2001), ‘Sticky Places in Slippery Space – The Location of Innovation by MNCs in the European Regions’23. Tony S. Frost (2001), ‘The Geographic Sources of Foreign Subsidiaries’ Innovations’Name Index