Richard L. Smith was Emeritus Professor of History at Ferrum College, Virginia. His teaching and research were driven by wide-ranging interests in trade across Afro-Eurasia, especially in the first millennium CE. Smith’s publications include Premodern Trade in World History (2008) and numerous chapters and articles.Edmond Smith is Professor of Economic Cultures at the University of Manchester, UK. Their research and teaching explore the cultural and institutional origins of globalization across the second millennium CE. Smith has published numerous articles, chapters, and books, including the prize-winning monograph Merchants (2021).

• Note on Writing – Edmond SmithIntroduction: A Book of Routes and RealmsTrade in Global HistoryScope and StructureChapter One: The Origins of TradeTrade and Human SocietyLong-Distance Trade in Prehistoric EurasiaCase Study: The Incense RoadCase Study: The Amber TrailsChapter Two: Trade Across the SteppePastoralists, Nomads and Steppe SocietyForms of ExchangeChapter Three: Controlling the Steppe FrontierStrategies for Border SecurityCrossing BordersCase Study: China’s Border MarketsChapter Four: Travel and TransportMeasuring and MappingTraversing the LandTraversing the SeasChapter Five: Merchants and NetworksMaking Trade WorkRoutes and SystemsCase Study: The Trans-Saharan RouteChapter Six: Commodities of the Premodern WorldThe Premodern Market StallGlobal Commodities in Primary SourcesBibliographyIndex

Richard L. Smith was Emeritus Professor of History at Ferrum College, Virginia. His teaching and research were driven by wide-ranging interests in trade across Afro-Eurasia, especially in the first millennium CE. Smith’s publications include Premodern Trade in World History (2008) and numerous chapters and articles.Edmond Smith is Professor of Economic Cultures at the University of Manchester, UK. Their research and teaching explore the cultural and institutional origins of globalization across the second millennium CE. Smith has published numerous articles, chapters, and books, including the prize-winning monograph Merchants (2021).

• Note on Writing – Edmond SmithIntroduction: A Book of Routes and RealmsTrade in Global HistoryScope and StructureChapter One: The Origins of TradeTrade and Human SocietyLong-Distance Trade in Prehistoric EurasiaCase Study: The Incense RoadCase Study: The Amber TrailsChapter Two: Trade Across the SteppePastoralists, Nomads and Steppe SocietyForms of ExchangeChapter Three: Controlling the Steppe FrontierStrategies for Border SecurityCrossing BordersCase Study: China’s Border MarketsChapter Four: Travel and TransportMeasuring and MappingTraversing the LandTraversing the SeasChapter Five: Merchants and NetworksMaking Trade WorkRoutes and SystemsCase Study: The Trans-Saharan RouteChapter Six: Commodities of the Premodern WorldThe Premodern Market StallGlobal Commodities in Primary SourcesBibliographyIndex

Richard L. Smith was Emeritus Professor of History at Ferrum College, Virginia. His teaching and research were driven by wide-ranging interests in trade across Afro-Eurasia, especially in the first millennium CE. Smith’s publications include Premodern Trade in World History (2008) and numerous chapters and articles.Edmond Smith is Professor of Economic Cultures at the University of Manchester, UK. Their research and teaching explore the cultural and institutional origins of globalization across the second millennium CE. Smith has published numerous articles, chapters, and books, including the prize-winning monograph Merchants (2021).

• Note on Writing – Edmond SmithIntroduction: A Book of Routes and RealmsTrade in Global HistoryScope and StructureChapter One: The Origins of TradeTrade and Human SocietyLong-Distance Trade in Prehistoric EurasiaCase Study: The Incense RoadCase Study: The Amber TrailsChapter Two: Trade Across the SteppePastoralists, Nomads and Steppe SocietyForms of ExchangeChapter Three: Controlling the Steppe FrontierStrategies for Border SecurityCrossing BordersCase Study: China’s Border MarketsChapter Four: Travel and TransportMeasuring and MappingTraversing the LandTraversing the SeasChapter Five: Merchants and NetworksMaking Trade WorkRoutes and SystemsCase Study: The Trans-Saharan RouteChapter Six: Commodities of the Premodern WorldThe Premodern Market StallGlobal Commodities in Primary SourcesBibliographyIndex