Global Pandemic Threats

Michael C. LeMay, PhD, is professor emeritus of political science at California State University-San Bernardino (CSUSB), CA. He also served as assistant dean and was director of a interdisciplinary master's degree program in national security studies.

• Preface,1 Background and History,Introduction,Notable Epidemic/Pandemic Diseases of the Past,Yellow Fever,Smallpox,Cholera,Plague,Influenza,Trachoma,Germ Theory and Medical Science Developments to Cope with Pandemics,The Pandemics of the 20th Century,Conclusion,References,2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions,Introduction,Problems,The Inevitability of a Future Pandemic,Political Exigencies Tend to Trump Medical Advice,While Preventive Medicine is Best, It Is Too Often Ignored,Mission Complexity Hampers Effective Response,As Man Adapts to Nature, Nature Adapts to Man,Humankind Is Its Own Enemy,The Special Threat of Bioterrorism,The Need for an Early Warning System in a Complex, Interconnected World,Establishing International Cooperation to Face a Global Threat,The Need for Elaborate International and National Planning,Controversies,The Antivaccination Movement,Primitive Health Care in Developing Countries,Large-Scale Urbanization Spreads Disease,Extreme Poverty in the Developing World,Returning Health-Care Workers,The Need for Clinical Trial Speedups,The Demand for Protective Clothing,Economic Impacts of Pandemics,The Need for Pandemic Preparedness,How Strong Should the Powers of the WHO Be?,Solutions,Conclusion,References,3 Perspectives,Introduction,Perspectives on HIV/AIDS Pandemic in the United States, South Africa, and Sri Lanka: Liesl Nydegger,"Quick Response" Deployment Assists Ebola Crisis Humanitarian Mission: As told to the author by Staff Sergeant Jose Marquez and Specialist Rion McWilliams, U.S. Army,Fighting Measles at the Grassroots Level: Lions Clubs International Foundation,Samaritan's Purse International Relief Medical Responses: Haiti, Philippines, and Ebola: Bev Kauffeldt, Linda M. Mobula, and Lance Plyler,Dengue Fever: Amanda Naprawa,Vaccines Are the Key to Preventing Global Disease Pandemics: Angela Quinn,How to End a Disease: The Global Polio Eradication Initiative: John Hewko,Air Travel and Aedes Mosquito-borne Diseases: Sahotra Sarkar,4 Profiles,People,Anthony Banbury (1964– ),Emil von Behring (1854–1917),Seth Berkley (1956– ),Kent Brantly,Larry Brilliant,John S. Brownstein,Donald S. Burke,Albert Calmette (1863–1933),Ernst Chain (1906–1979),Margaret Chan,Nancy Cox,Grace Eldering (1900–1988),John Franklin Enders (1897–1985),Paul Farmer (1959– ),Sir Alexander Fleming (1881–1955),Howard Florey (1898–1968),Tom Frieden (1960– ),Keiji Fukuda,William Crawford Gorgas (1854–1920),Lawrence Gostin,Camille Guerin (1872–1961),Alan Hay,David K. Henderson,Donald A. Henderson (1928– ),Maurice Hilleman (1919–2005),Edward Jenner (1749–1823),Pearl Kendrick (1890–1980),Kamran Khan,Ron Klain (1961– ),Robert Koch (1843–1910),Joseph Lister (1827–1912),Vivek H. Murthy,Michael Osterholm,Louis Pasteur (1822–1895),Peter Piot (1949– ),Ludwick Rajchman (1881–1965),Walter Reed (1851–1902),Frederick C. Robbins (1916–2003),Frederick F. Russell (1870–1960),Albert Sabin (1906–1993),Jonas Salk (1915–1995),Sahotra Sarkar (1962– ),Jeffrey Shaman,George Miller Sternberg (1838–1915),Jeffrey Taubenberger (1961– ),Benjamin Waterhouse (1754–1846),Thomas H. Weller (1915–2008),Nathan Wolfe,Michael Worobey,Almroth Edward Wright (1861–1947),Raymond Zilinskas,Organizations,Agency for International Development (AID),Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry (ATSDR),American Association for the History of Medicine,American Medical Association,American Public Health Association,Association for Preventive Teaching and Research (APTR),Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Canada),The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation,Buffett Foundation,Center for AIDS Intervention Research,Center for Biologics Evaluative Research,Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies,Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases (at the CDC),Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy,Center for Research on Influenza Pathogens (CRIP),Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),Centers for Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS at NIAID),Commissioned Corps Readiness Force,Eco Health Alliance,Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS),European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC),Food and Drug Administration (FDA),Global ,Global Viral,,Health Alert Network,International Red Cross,Lions Clubs International,Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) International,Metabiota,Metropolitan Medical Response System,National Communicable Disease Center,National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID),National Institutes of Health,National Pharmaceutical Stockpile (NPS),New York Influenza Center of Excellence (NYICE),Orthopoxvirus Genomic and Bioinformatics Resource Center,Partners in Health,Rockefeller Foundation,Rotary International (PolioPlus),Samaritan's Purse,Skoll Global Threats Fund,Society for General Microbiology,State Center of Virology and Technology,UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO),UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR),UN International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF),UN World Health Organization (WHO),United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases,Wellcome Trust,World Federation of Public Health Associations,5 Data and Documents,Data,Table 5.1: Timetable of the 2014 Ebola Pandemic,Table 5.2: The Nine Deadliest Viruses,Table 5.3: Chronology of U.S. Legislation Regarding USMHS/PHS,Table 5.4: An Overview of the HIV/AIDS Pandemic,Table 5.5: Ebola Outbreaks in West Africa,Table 5.6: Major Epidemics in U.S. History,Table 5.7: Quarantinable Diseases by Executive Order,Table 5.8: Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers and Antibiotic Resistance,Table 5.9: Surgeon Generals of the United States Public Health Service,Table 5.10: Emerging Pathogens Worldwide, 1930 to Present,Table 5.11: Critical Pathogen Agents,Table 5.12: Timeline of the Pioneers of Vaccines,Map 5.1: Zika Outbreak, 2015–2016,Figure 5.1 Ebola,Figure 5.2 The 1918 Influenza Pandemic,Figure 5.3 The Scope and Impact of HIV/AIDS in the United States,Figure 5.4 World Prevalence of Tuberculosis,Documents,Letter from Lady Montagu Regarding Inoculation against Smallpox (1717),Arguments over a Smallpox Vaccine (1722),Newspaper Article on a Smallpox Outbreak in New York City (1731),The Scourge of Yellow Fever, Philadelphia (1793),Winfield Scott on the Cholera Epidemic during the Black Hawk War (1832),Raphael Semmes's Account of an Epidemic aboard Ship during the Mexican War (1851),Massachusetts Law Requiring Vaccination of School Children (1855),Act of March 3, 1891, Allowing Medical Exams by the USMHS,Walter Reed and the Eradication of Yellow Fever,Excerpts from Jacobson v. Massachusetts (1905),Excerpts from Clara Barton's Article on Yellow Fever in Cuba (1912),Charter of the World Health Organization (1946),The WHO's Global Immunization Vision and Strategy Program (2006),6 Resources,Introduction,Selected Print Resources,Books,Scholarly Journals,Nonprint Sources,Films,Videos,7 Chronology,Glossary,Index,About the Author,

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