Eduard Muhle Director of the Herder-Institut,Marburg, and Lecturer in East European History, Marburg University

• Contents Editorial Preface Gerhard A. Ritter and Timothy Garton Ash Notes on Contributors Introduction Eduard Muhle The European East and Weimar Germany Peter Kruger Germany and the Soviet Union Manfred Hildermeier Germany and the Baltic Region in the Short Twentieth Century Gert von Pistohlkors Nazi Germany and Eastern Europe Gerhard Hirschfeld Poland and Germany from Interwar Period through to Time of Detente Michael G. Muller The European East on the Mental Map of German Ostforschung Eduard Muhle The Mutual Perception of Czechs and Germans from the Interwar Period until the Prague Spring Hans Lemberg Mending Fences: The Federal Republic of Germany and Eastern Europe Axel Schildt Notes on Contributors Manfred Hildermeier is Professor of East European History at the University of Gottingen; he was Fellow of the Historische Kolleg in Munich and Wissenschaftskolleg in Berlin and is currently Chairman of the Association of German Historians; among his extensive writings on Russian and Soviet history are the books Die Russische Revolution 1905@1920 (1989), Geschichte der Sowjetunion 1917@1991. Aufstieg und Niedergang des ersten sozialistischen Staates (1998), Die Sowjetunion 1917@1991 (2001) and the collective volumes Stalinismus vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Neue Wege der Forschung (1998), Europaische Zivilgesellschaft in Ost und West: Begriff, Geschichte, Chancen (2000). Gerhard Hirschfeld is Director of the Library of Contemporary History in Stuttgart and Professor of History at the University of Stuttgart. He was a researcher at the German Historical Institute in London (1978@89), Fellow of the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences (1996@7) and is currently President of the Comite International d'Histoire de la Deuxieme Guerre Mondiale. His publications include the book Nazi Rule and Dutch Collaboration: The Netherlands under German Occupation, 1940@1945 (1988) and the collective volumes Der 'Fuhrerstaat'. Mythos und Realitat. Studien zur Struktur und Politik des Dritten Reiches (1981), The Politics of Genocide: Jews and Soviet Prisoners of War in Nazi Germany (1986), Lager, Zwangsarbeit, Vertreibung und Deportation. Dimensionen der Massenverbrechen in der Sowjetunion und in Deutschland (1999). Peter Kruger is Professor of Modern History at the University of Marburg. He was Fellow of the Historische Kolleg in Munich and has published on sixteenth-, nineteenth- and twentieth-century European history. His research interests include the history of international relations, constitutional and intellectual history. Among his publications are the books Deutschland und die Reparationen (1973), Versailles. Deutsche Ausenpolitik zwischen Revisionismus und Friedenssicherung (1986), Die Ausenpolitik der Weimarer Republik (2nd edition, 1993), and the collective volumes Deutschland, deutscher Staat, deutsche Nation (1993), Ethnicity and Nationalism (1993), Wege und Widerspruche der europaischen Integration (1995), Das europaische Staatensystem im Wandel (1996). Hans Lemberg was Professor of East European History at the University of Dusseldorf (1973@81) and Marburg (1981@98). He is Chairman of the German@Czech and German@Slovak Commissions of Historians. His numerous publications concentrate on Bohemian and Czechoslovak history during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Russian history and on relations between Germany and East Central Europe. A selection of his publications has been published under the title Mit unbestechlichem Blick (1998) and Poruzmeni. Ce?i @ Nemci @ wychodni Evropa 1848@1948 (1999). He is editor of Ostmitteleuropa zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen (1997), Grenzen in Ostmitteleuropa im

Eduard Muhle Director of the Herder-Institut,Marburg, and Lecturer in East European History, Marburg University

• Contents Editorial Preface Gerhard A. Ritter and Timothy Garton Ash Notes on Contributors Introduction Eduard Muhle The European East and Weimar Germany Peter Kruger Germany and the Soviet Union Manfred Hildermeier Germany and the Baltic Region in the Short Twentieth Century Gert von Pistohlkors Nazi Germany and Eastern Europe Gerhard Hirschfeld Poland and Germany from Interwar Period through to Time of Detente Michael G. Muller The European East on the Mental Map of German Ostforschung Eduard Muhle The Mutual Perception of Czechs and Germans from the Interwar Period until the Prague Spring Hans Lemberg Mending Fences: The Federal Republic of Germany and Eastern Europe Axel Schildt Notes on Contributors Manfred Hildermeier is Professor of East European History at the University of Gottingen; he was Fellow of the Historische Kolleg in Munich and Wissenschaftskolleg in Berlin and is currently Chairman of the Association of German Historians; among his extensive writings on Russian and Soviet history are the books Die Russische Revolution 1905@1920 (1989), Geschichte der Sowjetunion 1917@1991. Aufstieg und Niedergang des ersten sozialistischen Staates (1998), Die Sowjetunion 1917@1991 (2001) and the collective volumes Stalinismus vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Neue Wege der Forschung (1998), Europaische Zivilgesellschaft in Ost und West: Begriff, Geschichte, Chancen (2000). Gerhard Hirschfeld is Director of the Library of Contemporary History in Stuttgart and Professor of History at the University of Stuttgart. He was a researcher at the German Historical Institute in London (1978@89), Fellow of the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences (1996@7) and is currently President of the Comite International d'Histoire de la Deuxieme Guerre Mondiale. His publications include the book Nazi Rule and Dutch Collaboration: The Netherlands under German Occupation, 1940@1945 (1988) and the collective volumes Der 'Fuhrerstaat'. Mythos und Realitat. Studien zur Struktur und Politik des Dritten Reiches (1981), The Politics of Genocide: Jews and Soviet Prisoners of War in Nazi Germany (1986), Lager, Zwangsarbeit, Vertreibung und Deportation. Dimensionen der Massenverbrechen in der Sowjetunion und in Deutschland (1999). Peter Kruger is Professor of Modern History at the University of Marburg. He was Fellow of the Historische Kolleg in Munich and has published on sixteenth-, nineteenth- and twentieth-century European history. His research interests include the history of international relations, constitutional and intellectual history. Among his publications are the books Deutschland und die Reparationen (1973), Versailles. Deutsche Ausenpolitik zwischen Revisionismus und Friedenssicherung (1986), Die Ausenpolitik der Weimarer Republik (2nd edition, 1993), and the collective volumes Deutschland, deutscher Staat, deutsche Nation (1993), Ethnicity and Nationalism (1993), Wege und Widerspruche der europaischen Integration (1995), Das europaische Staatensystem im Wandel (1996). Hans Lemberg was Professor of East European History at the University of Dusseldorf (1973@81) and Marburg (1981@98). He is Chairman of the German@Czech and German@Slovak Commissions of Historians. His numerous publications concentrate on Bohemian and Czechoslovak history during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Russian history and on relations between Germany and East Central Europe. A selection of his publications has been published under the title Mit unbestechlichem Blick (1998) and Poruzmeni. Ce?i @ Nemci @ wychodni Evropa 1848@1948 (1999). He is editor of Ostmitteleuropa zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen (1997), Grenzen in Ostmitteleuropa im

Eduard Muhle Director of the Herder-Institut,Marburg, and Lecturer in East European History, Marburg University

• Contents Editorial Preface Gerhard A. Ritter and Timothy Garton Ash Notes on Contributors Introduction Eduard Muhle The European East and Weimar Germany Peter Kruger Germany and the Soviet Union Manfred Hildermeier Germany and the Baltic Region in the Short Twentieth Century Gert von Pistohlkors Nazi Germany and Eastern Europe Gerhard Hirschfeld Poland and Germany from Interwar Period through to Time of Detente Michael G. Muller The European East on the Mental Map of German Ostforschung Eduard Muhle The Mutual Perception of Czechs and Germans from the Interwar Period until the Prague Spring Hans Lemberg Mending Fences: The Federal Republic of Germany and Eastern Europe Axel Schildt Notes on Contributors Manfred Hildermeier is Professor of East European History at the University of Gottingen; he was Fellow of the Historische Kolleg in Munich and Wissenschaftskolleg in Berlin and is currently Chairman of the Association of German Historians; among his extensive writings on Russian and Soviet history are the books Die Russische Revolution 1905@1920 (1989), Geschichte der Sowjetunion 1917@1991. Aufstieg und Niedergang des ersten sozialistischen Staates (1998), Die Sowjetunion 1917@1991 (2001) and the collective volumes Stalinismus vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Neue Wege der Forschung (1998), Europaische Zivilgesellschaft in Ost und West: Begriff, Geschichte, Chancen (2000). Gerhard Hirschfeld is Director of the Library of Contemporary History in Stuttgart and Professor of History at the University of Stuttgart. He was a researcher at the German Historical Institute in London (1978@89), Fellow of the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences (1996@7) and is currently President of the Comite International d'Histoire de la Deuxieme Guerre Mondiale. His publications include the book Nazi Rule and Dutch Collaboration: The Netherlands under German Occupation, 1940@1945 (1988) and the collective volumes Der 'Fuhrerstaat'. Mythos und Realitat. Studien zur Struktur und Politik des Dritten Reiches (1981), The Politics of Genocide: Jews and Soviet Prisoners of War in Nazi Germany (1986), Lager, Zwangsarbeit, Vertreibung und Deportation. Dimensionen der Massenverbrechen in der Sowjetunion und in Deutschland (1999). Peter Kruger is Professor of Modern History at the University of Marburg. He was Fellow of the Historische Kolleg in Munich and has published on sixteenth-, nineteenth- and twentieth-century European history. His research interests include the history of international relations, constitutional and intellectual history. Among his publications are the books Deutschland und die Reparationen (1973), Versailles. Deutsche Ausenpolitik zwischen Revisionismus und Friedenssicherung (1986), Die Ausenpolitik der Weimarer Republik (2nd edition, 1993), and the collective volumes Deutschland, deutscher Staat, deutsche Nation (1993), Ethnicity and Nationalism (1993), Wege und Widerspruche der europaischen Integration (1995), Das europaische Staatensystem im Wandel (1996). Hans Lemberg was Professor of East European History at the University of Dusseldorf (1973@81) and Marburg (1981@98). He is Chairman of the German@Czech and German@Slovak Commissions of Historians. His numerous publications concentrate on Bohemian and Czechoslovak history during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Russian history and on relations between Germany and East Central Europe. A selection of his publications has been published under the title Mit unbestechlichem Blick (1998) and Poruzmeni. Ce?i @ Nemci @ wychodni Evropa 1848@1948 (1999). He is editor of Ostmitteleuropa zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen (1997), Grenzen in Ostmitteleuropa im