Geopolitics and Energy Transition 2

Jean-Pierre Favennec is a professor at Paris Dauphine University, France, as well as a consultant and energy specialist. He has published several books and articles on energy economics and geopolitics.

• Foreword to Géopolitique de l'énergie Published in 2008—A Tribute to Jean-Marie Chevalier xiIntroduction xvChapter 1. The North American Continent 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Very high energy consumption 21.3. Energy transition in North America 61.4. Electricity and renewable energies 91.5. Oil 121.6. Natural gas 161.7. Coal: an important energy source in the United States 201.8. Agro-fuels in North America 201.9. The United States' energy policy 211.10. Geopolitics: relations with Saudi Arabia 261.11. Iraq: American intervention 271.12. Tensions with Venezuela 281.13. Russia: complex relations 291.14. Caspian Sea: a good swing supplier 301.15. The lifting of sanctions against some producing countries 301.16. Relations with Iran 311.17. Conclusion 32Chapter 2. The South American Continent 332.1. Introduction 332.2. The current energy situation 342.3. Energy transition 362.4. Fossil fuels: oil 382.5. Fossil fuels: natural gas 462.6. Fossil fuels: coal 472.7. Electricity 472.8. Renewable energies 482.9. Regional integration 502.10. China's relations with Central and South America 512.11. Geopolitical issues 512.12. Conclusion 56Chapter 3. Europe 573.1. Introduction 573.2. Energy in Europe 583.3. The energy transition 613.4. Electricity and renewable energies 633.5. Oil 673.6. Natural gas 683.7. Coal 693.8. Energy policy in Europe 703.9. Relations between Europe and Russia: the case of gas 733.10. Relations between Europe and North Africa 763.11. Relations with the Middle East 783.12. Conclusion 79Chapter 4. The Commonwealth of Independent States 814.1. Introduction 814.2. The energy scene 814.3. The energy transition in the Commonwealth of Independent States 844.4. The importance of oil 844.5. The importance of natural gas 884.6. The role of coal 904.7. Electricity 904.8. Geopolitics of oil and gas exports from Russia and the CIS 924.9. Vladimir Putin's policies 1014.10. Conclusion 102Chapter 5. Africa 1035.1. Introduction 1035.2. Energy in Africa: too little consumption 1045.3. The energy transition in Africa 1055.4. Electricity in Africa 1065.5. Oil in Africa: discoveries and reserves 1095.6. Natural gas: good potential for export 1175.7. Coal in Africa 1195.8. Petroleum products: Africa's main energy source 1205.9. Africa: a very attractive zone 1305.10. The increasing power of civic society: the Shell Nigeria case 1305.11. The problem of financial transparency 1345.12. Conclusion 135Chapter 6. Asia—Pacific 1396.1. Introduction 1396.2. Asia's energy situation 1406.3. Energy transition in Asia 1416.4. Oil 1446.5. Natural gas 1476.6. Coal 1506.7. Electricity 1536.8. Agro-fuels and geothermal energy in Asia 1576.9. How to secure Asia's energy supplies? 1586.10. The risks from increased competition 1626.11. Conclusion 165Chapter 7. The Middle East 1677.1. Introduction 1677.2. Energy consumption 1687.3. Energy transition in the Middle East 1697.4. The importance of oil in the Middle East 1707.5. The Middle East oil story 1737.6. The rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran 1827.7. Analysis of positions by country 1837.8. Oil revenues and how they are used 1887.9. The importance of natural gas 1897.10. Electricity: a major challenge 1917.11. Conclusion 192References 195Index 199