This book brings together for the first time different palaeontological and geological aspects (e.g., palaeoecology, biochronostratigraphy, palaeoclimatology, palaeoenvironments, magnetostratigraphy, glaciations) of the Pampean region (Argentina) and neighboring areas from the Late Miocene up to the Holocene. It provides a structural basis for understanding more specific treatments of Late Cenozoic fossil mammals of southern South America and is a foundational text in this series. Chapters comprise the scientific works of 32 specialist researchers from academic and scientific institutions across Argentina.A major scientific reference, this book will be a consulted by scientists, students, and teachers for years to come.