Geological Deformation of Sediments

Inbunden, Engelska, 1994

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Sediments are now known to be subjected to deformation in a wide variety of geological environments, and to produce a striking range of structures. The principles of how sediments respond to stress are well established in the discipline of soil mechanics, and apply in geology, whether the sediment is responding to the shear induced by an ice sheet, the slow creep down a submarine slope, or the tectonic stresses generated at plate margins. This book covers the theoretical principles, their application and results in all geological environments where sediment deformation is now known to be important. It explains the basic ideas for a newcomer, but develops concepts and provides up-to-date literature references for specialists.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum1994-08-31
Mått210 x 297 x 26 mm
Vikt918 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor362
Upplaga1994
FörlagChapman and Hall
ISBN9780412405907

Tillhör följande kategorier

Geovetenskap inom Naturvetenskap och teknik
Geologi inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

1 Introduction and overview.- 1.1 General considerations.- 1.2 Mechanical aspects.- 1.3 Causes of deformation.- 1.4 Mélanges as a case history.- 2 Mechanical principles of sediment deformation.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Mechanics of particulate media in theory and experiment.- 2.3 Natural stress, strain and pore pressure.- 2.4 Conclusions.- 3 Glacial deformation.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Subglacial conditions.- 3.3 Stresses arising from overlying ice.- 3.4 Sediment properties.- 3.5 The sediment transport system: production, alteration and loss.- 3.6 Models of sediment properties and deformation.- 3.7 Basal processes as a control on deformation.- 3.8 Effects of deformation.- 3.9 Preservation of features.- 3.10 Other types of glacial deformation.- 3.11 Conclusion.- 4 Sedimentary deformational structures.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Principles of physical disturbance.- 4.3 Physical deformation structures.- 4.4 Conclusion.- 5 Mass movements.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Falls.- 5.3 Fluidal flows.- 5.4 Flows with plastic behavior.- 5.5 Slumps.- 5.6 Slides.- 5.7 Creep.- 6 Tectonic deformation: stress paths and strain histories.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Stress paths during burial and up-lift of sediments in basins.- 6.3 Stress paths associated with deformation in accretionary prisms.- 6.4 Conclusions.- 7 Fluids in deforming sediments.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Some basic hydrogeological concepts.- 7.3 Fluid sources and the nature of the tectonic processes driving fluid flow.- 7.4 Control of lithology and burialrelated consolidation on the permeability of sedimentary units.- 7.5 Permeability variations due to deformation in active tectonic systems: fractures, faults and gouge.- 7.6 Permeability changes at low effective stresses.- 7.7 Effect of deformation on the tortuosity of flow paths atdifferent scales.- 7.8 Discussion: transience and the intimate coupling of hydrogeological and tectonic processes.- 8 Sediment deformation, dewatering and diagenesis: illustrations from selected mélange zones.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Progressive deformation and dewatering in the Nankai accretionary prism.- 8.3 Progressive deformation of coherent sediments in the Kodiak accretionary prism.- 8.4 Progressive deformation of mélange terranes in the Kodiak accretionaryprism.- 8.5 Deformation and fluid evolution in an accretionary sequence in western Washington.- 8.6 Conclusions.- 9 Deformation structures preserved in rocks.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Techniques of examination.- 9.3 Microfabrics.- 9.4 Micro- to macroscopic structures.- 9.5 Macro- to mesoscopic structures.- 9.6 Recognition of sediment deformation structures.- Appendix: List of symbols.- References.