Mark Welford is a nature-society geographer at Georgia Southern University. His research interests include: environmental change in, and conservation of, tropical montane environments; hurricanes and climate change; and the spatial dynamics of historical pandemics. He has taught at Georgia Southern since 1993. He has also directed Study Abroad Trips to the Ecuador, India, the Czech Republic, Poland and Italy.

• Chapter 1 Plague, its emergence and persistence through recent human history Chapter 2 The Athenian Pandemic Chapter 3 Antonine Pandemic and Justinianic Plague Chapter 4 The medieval Black Death Arrives in Europe Chapter 5 The scourge of Y. pestis re-emerges and persists from 1361 to 1879 Chapter 6 Re-emergence in China and spread to Singapore, Taiwan, Bombay, San Francisco and Australia before 1901 Chapter 7 1901 to present Chapter 8 Weaponized Plague and Plague Surveillance

Mark Welford is a nature-society geographer at Georgia Southern University. His research interests include: environmental change in, and conservation of, tropical montane environments; hurricanes and climate change; and the spatial dynamics of historical pandemics. He has taught at Georgia Southern since 1993. He has also directed Study Abroad Trips to the Ecuador, India, the Czech Republic, Poland and Italy.

• Chapter 1 Plague, its emergence and persistence through recent human history Chapter 2 The Athenian Pandemic Chapter 3 Antonine Pandemic and Justinianic Plague Chapter 4 The medieval Black Death Arrives in Europe Chapter 5 The scourge of Y. pestis re-emerges and persists from 1361 to 1879 Chapter 6 Re-emergence in China and spread to Singapore, Taiwan, Bombay, San Francisco and Australia before 1901 Chapter 7 1901 to present Chapter 8 Weaponized Plague and Plague Surveillance

Mark Welford is a nature-society geographer at Georgia Southern University. His research interests include: environmental change in, and conservation of, tropical montane environments; hurricanes and climate change; and the spatial dynamics of historical pandemics. He has taught at Georgia Southern since 1993. He has also directed Study Abroad Trips to the Ecuador, India, the Czech Republic, Poland and Italy.

• Chapter 1 Plague, its emergence and persistence through recent human history Chapter 2 The Athenian Pandemic Chapter 3 Antonine Pandemic and Justinianic Plague Chapter 4 The medieval Black Death Arrives in Europe Chapter 5 The scourge of Y. pestis re-emerges and persists from 1361 to 1879 Chapter 6 Re-emergence in China and spread to Singapore, Taiwan, Bombay, San Francisco and Australia before 1901 Chapter 7 1901 to present Chapter 8 Weaponized Plague and Plague Surveillance