Gentrification of Nightlife and the Right to the City

Laam Hae is Assistant Professor of Political Science at York University.

• Introduction 1. Transformation of Urban Space and the Right to the City 2. The Cabaret Law Legislation and Enforcement 3. Development of Dance Subcultures in the 1970s 4. Gentrification With and Against Nightlife: 1979-1988 5. Zoning Out Social Dancing: The Late 1980s 6. Disciplining Nightlife: 1990-2002 7. Voices for Change: From 2002 Onwards 8. The Festa Ruling, the Right of Social Dancing and the Right to the City. Conclusion. Appendix 2.1: Terms of special permits for Use Group 6A and 12A before 1990 rezoning. Appendix 2.2: Community Boards in Manhattan. Appendix 5.1: The requirements for special permits for Use Group 6C after the 1990 rezoning. Appendix 7.1: Preliminary Proposal for Changing the Cabaret Laws

"What happens when alternatives to bourgeois living can find no space in the city? This question is at the heart of Laam Hae’s important new book. The Gentrification of Nightlife and the Right to the City not only shows that the cost to alternative modes of life, as well as to our collective right to the city, is high, but also shows in sophisticated theoretical and empirical detail just how the squeeze on alternative ways of life – day and night – has been put on New York City. Drawing on a wealth of interviews with city officials, nightlife entrepreneurs and DJs, as well as a trove of historical documents and contemporary accounts, Hae engages in a deep reading of the lawsuits, political struggles, zoning decisions, and structural forces that have brought us to the sorry state where gentrification has become a force for the implantation of an exceedingly narrow, commodified, bourgeois nightlife up and down the length of the city, even as it has become an ever-more powerful force against the survival of the kind of less-commodified nightlife that makes a city a city. The Gentrification of Nightlife and the Right to the City is essential reading for all of us who care about what makes cities really worth living in and what the forces are that are arrayed against us – not just in New York, but everywhere."- Don Mitchell, Distinguished Professor of Geography, Syracuse University, author of The Right to the City: Social Justice and the Fight for Public Space"Laam Hae used an impressive amount of sources and methods to tell the story. Her ethnographic research is based on policy documents, transcripts of public hearings, historical zoning maps and reports, local newspaper reports, internet list-serves. Also involved are interviews with officials and civil servants, members of activist groups or pro-nightlife organisations or club owners."- Valerie De Craene, Urban Studies Journal, University of Leuven, Belgium