Gender Transformations in Prehistoric and Archaic Societies

Dr Julia Katharina Koch is a member of CRC 1266 ‘Scales of Transformation’ at Kiel University. Before that she worked as a freelance archaeologist; as editor of the journal Germania at the Romano-Germanic Commission, Frankfurt, Germany; and as project investigator on the project ‘Life Course Reconstruction of Mobile Individuals in Sedentary Societies’, at Leipzig University (funded 2004–2011 by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research).In 2000/01 she was the recipient of a travel grant from the German Archaeological Institute that enabled her to visit countries around the Mediterranean. She has studied at Mainz University, Germany, and Kiel University. Her PhD dissertation (1999) was on the wagon and horse harness from the Late Hallstatt princely grave of Hochdorf. Her research focus is on mobility, cultural transfer, and gender relations in Bronze and Iron Age Central Europe.She is a co-founder and member of the German society FemArc e.V. and of the European Association of Archaeologists community ‘Archaeology of Gender in Europe’, and she is co-publisher of the monograph series ‘Frauen – Forschung – Archäologie’ (Women – Research – Archaeology). From 2005 to 2009, she was chair of the working group ‘Iron Age’ of the German societies for antiquarian studies (Verbände für Altertumsforschung). Wiebke Kirleis is professor of environmental archaeology/archaeobotany at Kiel University, Germany. She is deputy director of the Collaborative Research Centre ‘Scales of Transformation: Human–Environmental Interaction in Prehistoric and Archaic Societies’ (CRC 1266, financed by the German Research Foundation/DFG) and a member of the Cluster of Excellence ‘Roots’ at Kiel University.As an archaeobotanist, she is interested in all kinds of plant-related human activities, be they subsistence strategies or food processing, with their socio-cultural implications, as well as the reconstruction of human–environment interactions in the past. Geographically, her research areas span from northern Europe all way to Indonesia.Key publicationsWiebke Kirleis and Ulrich Willerding. 2008. Die Pflanzenreste der linienbandkeramischen Siedlung von Rosdorf-Mühlengrund, Ldkr. Göttingen, im südöstlichen Niedersachsen. Prähistorische Zeitschrift 83, 133-178.Wiebke Kirleis, Valério D. Pillar and Hermann Behling. 2011. Human–environment interactions in mountain rainforests: palaeo-botanical evidence from central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 20, 165-179. DOI: 10.1007/s00334-010-0272-0.Wiebke Kirleis, Stefanie Klooß, Helmut Kroll and Johannes Müller. 2012. Crop growing and gathering in the northern German Neolithic: a review supplemented by first new results. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 21, 221-242. DOI: 10.1007/s00334-011-0328-9Wiebke Kirleis and Stefanie Klooß. 2014. More than simply fallback food? Social context of plant use in the northern German Neolithic, in: Alexandre Chevalier, Elena Marinova, and Leonor Peña-Chocarro (eds.), Plants and people: choices and diversity through time. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 326-335.Wiebke Kirleis and Elske Fischer. 2014. Neolithic cultivation of tetraploid free threshing wheat in Denmark and northern Germany: implications for crop diversity and societal dynamics of the Funnel Beaker Culture, in: Felix Bittmann et al. (eds.), Farming in the forest: ecology and economy of fire in prehistoric agriculture. Special issue. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 23, Supplement 1, 81-96. DOI: 10.1007/s00334-014-0440-8Nicki Whitehouse, Wiebke Kirleis, and Chris Hunt (eds.). 2014. The world reshaped: practices and impacts of early agrarian societies. Special Issue. Journal of Archaeological Science 51, 1-236.Wiebke Kirleis and Marta Dal Corso. 2016. Trypillian subsistence economy: animal and plant exploitation, in: Johannes Müller, Kurt Rassman, and Mykhailo Videiko (eds.), Trypillia-megasites and European prehistory 4100–3400 BCE. Themes in Contemporary Archaeology 2. London: Routledge, 195-205.

• Preface of the editorsWiebke Kirleis and Johannes Müller IntroductionJulia Katharina Koch and Wiebke Kirleis 1. Gendering Fieldwork Matters of gender in a prominent excavation by the German Archaeological Institute: Fieldwork and gender in the Kerameikos in AthensJutta Stroszeck Women in the field: Preliminary insights from images of archaeology in Portugal in the 1960s and the 1970s. A first essayAna Cristina Martins Gendered and diversified fieldwork classes in prehistoric archaeology? An examination of and a perspective on Bachelor study programs of German universitiesDoris Gutsmiedl-Schümann ‘Fieldwork is not the proper preserve of a lady’: Gendered images of archaeologists from textbooks to social mediaJana Esther Fries 2. Tracing gender transformations2.1. In methodology What is gender transformation, where does it take place and why? Reflections from archaeologyMarie Louise Stig Sørensen Osteology defines sex and archaeology defines gender? Insights from physical anthropologyJohanna Kranzbühler Gender in Linearbandkeramik research: Traditional approaches and new avenuesNils Müller-Scheeßel 2.2. In burials Changing gender perception from the Mesolithic to the beginning of the Middle NeolithicDaniela Nordholz Making the invisible visible: Expressing gender in mortuary practices in north-eastern Hungary in the 5th millennium BCEAlexandra Anders and Emese Gyöngyvér Nagy Copper Age transformations in gender identitiesJan Turek Gender symbolism in female graves of the Bronze Age evidenced by the materials from the Lisakovsk burial complex of the Andronovo cultural horizonEmma R. Usmanova and Marina K. Lachkova Male gender identity during the Ural Bronze Age: On the way down?Natalie Berseneva Transformations in a woman’s life in prehistoric and archaic societies of the Scythians and the KalmyksMaria Ochir-Goryaeva Tracing gender in funerary data: The case study of elite graves in the North-Alpine complex (Late Bronze Age to La Tène B)Caroline Tremeaud 2.3. In cultural landscapes Social manipulation of gender identities in Early Iron Age Latium Vetus (Italy)Ilona Venderbos Time- and space-related genders and changing social roles: A case study from Archaic southern ItalyChristian Heitz 2.4. In ritual and art ‘Shaman’ burials in prehistoric Europe: Gendered images?Nataliia Mykhailova Part-time females and full-time specialists? Identifying gender roles in ritual behaviour and archaeological remainsAndy Reymann Beyond gender: Approaches to anthropomorphic imagery in prehistoric central AnatoliaAysel Arslan Art and gender: The case study of enamelling in continental Europe (4th-3rd century BCE)Virginie Defente 3. Gendering and shaping the environment Gender and the environmentJulia K. Koch and Oliver Nakoinz The gender division of labour during the proto-Elamite period in late 4th millennium IranRouhollah Yousefi Zoshk, Saeed Baghizadeh and Donya Etemadifar Labour organisation between horticulture and agriculture: Two separate worlds?Wiebke Kirleis Change and continuity: Gender and flint knapping activities during the Neolithic in the Paris basinAnne Augereau The construction of space and gender in prehistory: An approach to the Chalcolithic walled enclosures of Iberia?Ana M. Vale