Gattilusio Lordships and the Aegean World 1355-1462

Christopher Wright, Ph.D. (2006), Royal Holloway, University of London, is a researcher at that college. He has published articles on cultural and political interactions between Byzantium and the Latin world and on commerce and crusading in the eastern Mediterranean.

• Acknowledgements ... viiList of Abbreviations ... ixMaps ... xiFamily Tree of the Gattilusio Lords ... xviiIntroduction ... 1Sources ... 7The Geographical Setting ... 14Secondary Literature ... 22Structure ... 261 Political Context and Development ... 29Background ... 29The Lordships Before the Battle of Ankara ... 39From the Battle of Ankara to the Fall of Constantinople ... 52The Last Years ... 662 Byzantium: Sovereignty and Legitimacy ... 77The Place of the Lordships in Byzantine Government ... 78Family Relationships and Dynastic Struggles ... 96Legitimacy and Mutual Advantage ... 105The Self-Representation of the Regime ... 114The Impact of the Byzantine Connection ... 1243 Genoa: Migration and Solidarity ... 129The Place of the Lordships in the Genoese World ... 132Solidarity with the Genoese Community ... 144Physical and Financial Disengagement from the Metropolis ... 152Family Connections and Representatives in Genoa ... 162Conflict Within the Community ... 168The Alum Industry and Genoese Commerce ... 1724 The Lordships as a Network: Family and Enterprise ... 187Dynastic Policy and the Distribution of Power ... 188The Role of the Extended Family in the Lordships ... 194Commercial Connections ... 201Divergent Patterns of Trade ... 218Piracy ... 2345 Inside the Lordships: Communities and Government ... 245Inhabitants of the Lordships ... 246Financial Resources ... 254Latin Settlement ... 260Governmental Forms and Functionaries ... 266Religious Institutions ... 286High Culture, Community Relations and the Union ... 3026 Latin Christendom: Common Causes and Compromises ... 319Incentives and Disincentives ... 321Crusading against the Turks ... 326The Pursuit of Goodwill ... 339Church Union ... 345The Attitudes of Others ... 3487 The Turks: Security and Submission ... 359Forces of Attraction and Repulsion ... 360Turkish Division and Unification ... 366Ottoman Crisis and Recovery ... 374Failure to Endure ... 386The Impetus for Conquest ... 393Conclusion ... 399Appendix 1: Old Phokaia ... 407Appendix 2: Acquisitions in the Northern Aegean ... 413Appendix 3: The Alum of Maroneia ... 419Bibliography ... 423Index ... 451