This book presents selected contributions from the 5th Florence Heri-Tech International Conference (Florence, Italy, 2026), showcasing current advances in Heritage Science and Technology. The chapters explore how scientific research, engineering approaches, and digital innovations are being applied to the study, conservation, management, and enhancement of Cultural Heritage. Topics covered include advanced materials characterization, conservation science, non-invasive diagnostic and imaging techniques, integrated digital documentation and survey methods, environmental monitoring, sustainable solutions for historic buildings, and strategies for the protection of built heritage. The book also addresses emerging fields such as underwater cultural heritage supported by marine robotics and reflects on the evolving role of museum collections in contemporary society.