Furan Polymers and their Reactions

Alessandro Gandini, PhD, is a retired professor from the National Polytechnic Institute, Grenoble, France and subsequently worked as an invited teacher and researcher at the Universities of São Paulo, Brazil, Aveiro, Portugal and Bologna, Italy. He is a pioneering researcher in the field of polymers from renewable resources. Talita Martins Lacerda, PhD, is an Assistant Professor at the Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Brazil. She has researched and published extensively in the field of polymer synthesis from biomass resources.

• Foreword viiPreface viii1 A Brief History 12 The Peculiar Chemical Features of the Furan Heterocycle and the Synthesis of Furfural and Hydroxymethylfurfural 32.1 Free Radical Reactions 32.2 Electrophilic Reactions 52.3 Photochemistry 52.4 Hydrolysis Reactions 92.5 The Diels–Alder Reaction 102.6 Furfural and Hydroxymethylfurfural as Industrial Commodities and as Building Blocks for Furan Monomers 113 Polymers from Furfural and Furfuryl Alcohol 183.1 Furfural Resins 183.2 Furfuryl Alcohol Resins 214 Polymers from Chain Polyaddition Reactions 374.1 Free Radical Systems 374.2 Cationic Systems 424.3 Anionic Systems 514.4 Stereospecific Systems 575 Polymers from Polycondensation (Step) Reactions 615.1 Polyesters 615.2 Polyamides 905.3 Polyurethanes 1035.4 Polyureas, Polyparabanic Acids, Polybenzoxazines, polySchiff Bases, and Polyhydrazides 1145.5 Conjugated Furan Oligomers and Polymers 1245.6 Epoxy Resins 1346 The Furan/Maleimide Diels–Alder Reaction Applied to Polymer Synthesis and Modification 1476.1 Polycondensations (Step-growth Polymerizations) 1486.2 Polymer Modification and Cross-linking 1566.3 Miscellaneous Systems 1806.4 A New Paradigm: Aromatics from Furans 1867 Chemical and Biological Degradation 1928 General Conclusions 200Index 202