Fundamentals of Statistics for Aviation Research

Michael A. Gallo, Ph.D., is a Professor Emeritus in the College of Aeronautics at Florida Institute of Technology, USA. Brooke E. Wheeler, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor in the College of Aeronautics at Florida Institute of Technology, USA. Isaac M. Silver, Ph.D., is the President of Energy Management Aerospace, USA.

• Table of ContentsPart A: Research and Statistics BasicsChapter 1: The General Nature of Research and Statistics Student Learning Outcomes1.1 Chapter Overview 1.2 The Research Process1.3 The Population–Sample Relationship and Sampling Error1.4 Quantitative Research Methodologies1.5 Variables and Measurement Scales Chapter SummaryVocabulary CheckReview ExercisesReferencesChapter 2: Organizing and Summarizing DataStudent Learning Outcomes2.1 Chapter Overview 2.2 Examining Distributions 2.3 Measures of Central Tendency2.4 Measures of Dispersion2.5 Measures of Position: Percentiles and QuartilesChapter SummaryVocabulary CheckReview ExercisesReferencesPart B: Making Reasonable Decisions about a Population Chapter 3: Z Scores, the Standard Normal Distribution, and Sampling DistributionsStudent Learning Outcomes3.1 Chapter Overview 3.2 z Scores3.3 The Standard Normal Distribution3.4 The Sampling Distribution of Sample MeansChapter Summary Vocabulary CheckReview ExercisesReferencesChapter 4: The Concept of Statistical InferenceStudent Learning Outcomes4.1 Chapter Overview 4.2 Parameter Estimation4.3 The Nature of Hypothesis Testing4.4 Hypothesis Tests Involving the Mean ( Known)4.5 Confidence Intervals vs. Hypothesis TestsChapter Summary Vocabulary CheckReview ExercisesReferencesPart C: Analyzing Research Data Involving a Single SampleChapter 5: Single-Sample t TestStudent Learning Outcomes5.1 Chapter Overview 5.2 The t Test Statistic and t Distribution5.3 Confidence Intervals and the t Distribution5.4 Hypothesis Testing and the t Distribution5.5 Using the Single-Sample t Test in Research: A Guided ExampleChapter Summary Vocabulary CheckReview ExercisesReferencesChapter 6: Examining Bivariate Relationships: CorrelationStudent Learning Outcomes6.1 Chapter Overview 6.2 Correlation Fundamentals6.3 Quantifying Relationships: The Pearson r6.4 Statistical Aspects of Correlation6.5 Statistical Inferences Involving the Pearson r6.6 Using Bivariate Correlation in Research: A Guided ExampleChapter Summary Vocabulary CheckReview ExercisesReferencesChapter 7: Examining Bivariate Relationships: RegressionStudent Learning Outcomes7.1 Chapter Overview 7.2 The Regression Equation7.3 Statistical Aspects of Regression7.4 Statistical Inferences Involving the Regression Coefficient7.5 Using Bivariate Linear Regression in Research: A Guided ExampleChapter Summary Vocabulary CheckReview ExercisesReferencesPart D: Analyzing Research Data Involving Two Independent SamplesChapter 8: Independent-Samples t TestStudent Learning Outcomes8.1 Chapter Overview 8.2 The Concept of Independent Samples8.3 Statistical Inferences Involving Independent Samples8.4 Using the Independent-Samples t Test in Research: A Guided ExampleChapter Summary Vocabulary CheckReview ExercisesReferencesChapter 9: Single-Factor ANOVA Student Learning Outcomes9.1 Chapter Overview 9.2 The Concept of ANOVA9.3 The ANOVA Summary Table and the F Distribution9.4 Statistical Inferences Involving the Single-Factor ANOVA: Hypothesis Testing9.5 Using Single-Factor ANOVA in Research: A Guided ExampleChapter Summary Vocabulary CheckReview ExercisesReferencesChapter 10: Factorial ANOVAStudent Learning Outcomes10.1 Chapter Overview 10.2 The Concept of Factorial Designs10.3 The Logic and Structure of Factorial ANOVA10.4 Statistical Inferences Involving Factorial ANOVA: Hypothesis Testing10.5 Using Factorial ANOVA in Research: A Guided ExampleChapter Summary Vocabulary CheckReview ExercisesReferencesPart E: Analyzing Research Data Using a Within-Groups DesignChapter 11: Repeated-Measures t TestStudent Learning Outcomes11.1 Chapter Overview 11.2 The Concept of Repeated-Measures11.3 Statistical Inferences Involving the Repeated-Measures t Test11.4 Using the Repeated-Measures t Test in Research: A Guided ExampleChapter Summary Vocabulary CheckReview ExercisesReferencesPart F: Non-Parametric Statistics: Working with Frequency DataChapter 12: The Chi-Square StatisticStudent Learning Outcomes12.1 Chapter Overview 12.2 One-Way Chi-Square: The Test for Goodness of Fit12.3 Using the Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit in Research: A Guided Example12.4 Two-Way Chi-Square: The Test for Independence12.5 Using the Chi-Square Test for Independence in Research: A Guided ExampleChapter Summary Vocabulary CheckReview ExercisesReferencesAppendix TablesTable 1: Area Under the Standard Normal Curve Between the Mean and z Table 2: Critical Values of Student’s t DistributionTable 3: Critical Values for Pearson rTable 4: Power Table for Pearson rTable 5: Critical F ValuesTable 6: Critical Values of the Chi-Square DistributionTable 7: Sample Size and Power for Chi-Square Test for IndependenceAnswers to Part A Review ExercisesIndex