Fundamentals of Process Intensification

Andrzej Stankiewicz is Full Professor and Chair of Process Intensification at Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands,  and Director of TU Delft Process Technology Institute. With almost 40 years of industrial and academic research experience he is author of numerous scientific publications on process intensification, chemical reaction engineering and industrial catalysis. Prof. Stankiewicz is one of the pioneers of process intensification.He is also editor of Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification and Series Editor of the Green Chemistry Books Series and chairs currently the Board of the European Process Intensification Centre (EUROPIC).Current research interests of Prof. Stankiewicz focus on control of molecular interactions and intensification of chemical reactions using electricity-based energy fields (e.g. laser, microwave, UV). The research in that area has brought him prestigious Advanced Investigator Grant from the European Research Council and (with co-workers) another grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.Tom Van Gerven is Professor of Process Intensification at the University of Leuven, Belgium and head of the Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems section in that University. He is author of numerous publications on process intensification, solid waste treatment and sustainable processing. He focuses on the use of ultrasound and light for efficient chemical processing. Since 2013, he is chairman of the Working Party on Process Intensification at the European Federation of Chemical Engineering.Georgios Stefanidis is Professor at the University of Leuven, Belgium. His research interests are process intensification, chemical processing, chemical reactor engineering, biomass gasification, reforming of hydrocarbons and oxygenated fuels, CO2 utilization and crystallization.

• Preface xiAbout the Authors xiiiPart I Principles 11 Introduction 31.1 Short History of Process Intensification 31.2 Definitions and Interpretations of Process Intensification 51.3 Fundamentals of Process Intensification – Principles, Approaches, Domains, and Scales 82 The Four Principles 152.1 Principle 1 – Toward Perfect Reactions 152.2 Principle 2 – What Experience Molecules? 192.3 Principle 3 – Driving Forces, Resistances, and Interfaces 212.4 Principle 4 – About the Synergies 21Part II Domains 253 STRUCTURE – PI Approaches in Spatial Domain 273.1 Randomness and Order: Why Structure? 273.2 Structures Targeting Molecular Events 293.3 Structures Targeting Heat Transfer 393.4 Structures Targeting Mass Transfer 493.5 Structures Targeting Mixing and Fluid Flow 634 ENERGY – PI Approaches in Thermodynamic Domain 834.1 Energy in Chemical Processes – A Broader Picture of the Present and the Future 834.2 Electric Fields 854.3 Magnetic Fields 904.4 Electromagnetic Fields 934.5 Acoustic Fields 1294.6 Flow Fields 1424.7 High-Gravity and High-Shear Fields 1525 SYNERGY – PI Approaches in Functional Domain 1975.1 Combining Functions 1975.2 Synergies at Molecular Scale 1995.3 Synergies in Processing Units – Multifunctional Equipment and Integrated Operations 2056 TIME – PI Approaches in Temporal Domain 2576.1 Oscillatory Flow Reactors 2586.2 Reverse Flow Reactors 2626.3 Periodic Operation of Trickle Bed Reactors 2696.4 Cyclic Distillation 2716.5 Pulse Combustion 2756.6 Pressure Swing Adsorption 2846.7 Desorptive Cooling 2866.8 Variable Volume Operation of Stirred Tank Reactors 2886.9 Short Contact Time Reactors 290Part III Fundamentals in Practice – Designing a Sustainable, Intensified Process 2997 Process Intensification and Sustainable Processing 3017.1 Introduction 3017.2 Ecological Assessment of Intensified Technologies 3127.3 Process Intensification and Inherent Safety 3178 How to Design a Sustainable Intensified Process? 3318.1 Conceptual Process Intensification Design 3318.2 Case Study of Bhopal 332References 339Index 341

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