Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications

Mayank Pandey, PhD, works in the Department of Electronics, Kristu Jayanti College, Hennur, Bengaluru. He completed a PhD on ‘Preparation of polymer electrolyte for electrochemical device applications.’ He has an experimental background in synthesizing graphene quantum dots-based polymeric composites. Aside from his research, Pandey contributes to the development of new synthesis approaches in the field of nanocarbon derivatives. He has published more than 30 research articles in peer-reviewed high-impact journals.Kalim Deshmukh, PhD, is a Senior Researcher at the New Technologies-Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic. He has over 20 years of research experience working with a wide variety of nanomaterials, and polymeric materials, especially polymer blends, nanocomposites, and nanohybrids for various applications. His research interest is mainly focused on the synthesis, characterization, and investigations of the structure-property relationship of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with different nanofillers including various metal oxides, carbon allotropes, and novel 2D nanomaterials for energy storage, EMI shielding, gas sensing and biomedical applications.Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain, PhD, is an adjunct professor and director of laboratories in the Department of Chemistry & Environmental Sciences at the New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, United States. Dr. Hussain is the author of numerous papers in peer-reviewed journals as well as a prolific author and editor of around 150 books, including scientific monographs and handbooks in his research areas.

• Preface xix1 Magnetic Nanoparticles: Classifications, Structure, Physicochemical Properties, and Implications for Biomedical Applications 1Ezaz Haider Gilani, Umer Mehmood, Rabia Nazar, Andleeb Arshad, Faris Baig, Arshia Fatima, Noor Shahzadi, Usama Mehmood and Fahad IftikharList of Abbreviations 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Synthesis Methods of Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) 41.3 Methods of Protection 111.4 Functionalization and Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles 191.5 Biomedical Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles 201.6 Conclusions 262 Biogenic or Green Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles 39Sanjana Tewari, Manisha Bhardwaj, Sonia Saini, Vivek Sharma, Swapnil Sharma and Jaya Dwivedi2.1 Introduction 392.2 Green Materials for the Biosynthesis of MNPs 412.3 Mechanism of Plants, Fungi, Bacteria, and Algae-Mediated MNPs 542.4 Factors Affecting MNP Synthesis 542.5 Applications of MNPs 562.6 Conclusion and Future Research Prospects 613 Surface Modification Methods of Magnetic Nanoparticles 69Sangita Kumari Swain, Anupam Sahoo, Puspanjali Mishra, Sukanta Kumar Swain and Sukanta Kumar Tripathy3.1 Introduction 693.2 Surface Modification of Magnetic Nanoparticles by Inorganic Materials 713.3 Surface Functionalization of Magnetic Nanoparticles with Organic Molecules 793.4 Conclusion 874 Spectroscopic and Microscopic Characterizations of Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles 97Nastaran Hashemzadeh, Sina Pakkhesal, Abolghasem Jouyban and Elaheh Rahimpour4.1 Introduction 974.2 Microscopy Approaches 984.3 Spectroscopy 1024.4 Application of Spectroscopic and Microscopic Approaches 1044.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects 1195 Coating Approaches of Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications 131Sagar Pardeshi, Amol Gholap, Harshad Kapare, Apoorva More, Norma Rebello and Prabhanjan Giram5.1 Introduction 1315.2 Types of Magnetic Nanoparticles Used in Theranostics 1325.3 Coating Method for Magnetic Nanoparticles Used for Theranostics 1345.4 Characterization of Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles in Theranostic Application 1435.5 Theranostics Applications of Functionalized MNPs 1485.6 Consideration of Theranostic Nanoparticles 1575.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 1606 Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles Based Hybrid Systems for Theranostics 173Mehmet Karagözlü, Süleyman Asýr, Deniz Türkmen, Ammar Zidan, Fatma Haciogullarý and Adil Denizli6.1 Introduction 1746.2 Magnetic Nanoparticles 1746.3 Functionalization and Modification of Magnetic Nanoparticles 1836.4 Theranostic Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles 1906.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 2057 Functional Magnetic Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications 213Sushil Raut, Jyotsna G. Vitore, Pratiksha Alandikar, Shivani Singh, Rutika Jadhav, Derajram Benival and Prabhanjan Giram7.1 Introduction 2137.2 Need and Dual Nature of Theranostics 2157.3 Types of Lipid-Based Nanobiosystems 2157.4 Preparation Techniques 2217.5 Applications of Lipid-Based Biosystem as Theragnostic 2247.6 Application of Functionalized Magnetic Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Theragnostic 2317.7 Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics of Lipid-Based Nanobiosystem 2397.8 Toxicological Aspects 2417.9 Clinical Status of Lipid-Based Nanobiosystem for Theranostic Application 2417.10 Patents From 2015 to 2022 on Theranostic Lipid-Based System 2427.11 Challenges for the Theranostic Nanobiosystem 2447.12 Conclusion 2458 Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy 251Devesh Kapoor, Smita Jain, Seema Patil, Shivangi Jaiswal, Jaya Dwivedi and Swapnil Sharma8.1 Introduction 2518.2 Photothermal Therapy 2598.3 Photodynamic Therapy 2618.4 Photothermal Therapy Based on MNPs 2668.5 Photodynamic Therapy Based on MNPs 2758.6 Combined Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy Based on MNPs 2768.7 Conclusion and Future Recommendations 2779 Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Tissue Engineering 283Swati Paliwal and Swapnil Sharma9.1 Introduction 2839.2 Functionalized Nanoparticles Used in Tissue Engineering 2849.3 Characterizations 2869.4 Biocompatibility and Toxicity 2889.5 Synthesis of Nanoparticles 2899.6 Delivery of NPs 2919.7 Magnetic Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine 2929.8 Application in Tissue Repair and Regeneration 2979.9 Challenges and Future Prospects 3069.10 Conclusions 30810 Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Enzyme Immobilization 319Darshan R. Telange, Anil M. Pethe, Surendra S. Agrawal, Umesh B. Telrandhe and Preeti S. Bobade10.1 Introduction 31910.2 Basic Concepts of Enzyme Immobilization 32110.3 Benefits of Enzyme Immobilization and Functionalized MNPs Over to Conventional Nanoparticles 32210.4 Formulation Components 32210.5 Manufacturing Techniques of Magnetic and Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles 32310.6 Enzyme Immobilization Using Magnetic Nanoparticles 32510.7 Physicochemical Characterization of Magnetic and Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles 33710.8 Applications of Magnetic and Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Enzyme Immobilization 33910.9 Conclusion and Future Viewpoint 34011 Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Gene Therapy Applications 347Arpita Mishra, Sangeetha Menon, Mayank Pandey and Kalim Deshmukh11.1 Introduction 34711.2 Design and Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles 34811.3 Gene Delivery System 35411.4 Topical and Systemic Delivery 35911.5 Magnetofection in Cells 36311.6 Gene Delivery to Internal Organs 36611.7 Conclusion 36912 Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Chemotherapy Applications 377Payal Kesharwani, Smita Jain, Kanika Verma, Jaya Dwivedi and Swapnil Sharma12.1 Introduction 37812.2 Method of Preparation of Functionalized MNPs 38012.3 Functionalization of Target-Specific MNPs 38412.4 MNPs: Toxicity, Biodistribution, Pharmacokinetic 38812.5 MNPs for Cancer Therapeutics 39012.6 Conclusion 40713 Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Bioseparation Applications 417R. Abhinayaa, S. Sivaselvam, M. Veena and N. Ponpandian13.1 Introduction 41713.2 Magnetic Bioseparation 42013.3 Conclusion 43314 Functional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Application 439Swetapadma Praharaj and Dibyaranjan Rout14.1 Introduction 43914.2 Synthesis of MNPs 44214.3 Factors Affecting Magnetic Properties 44814.4 Surface Coating and Functionalization of MNPs 45114.5 Applications of MNPs 45214.6 Drug Delivery 45614.7 Summary 46215 Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia Therapy 469Chandi Charan Dey, Madhumita Dalal and Pabitra Kumar Chakrabarti15.1 Introduction 47015.2 Synthesis of Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles 47115.3 Magnetism of Nanoparticles 47215.4 Biocompatibility of Magnetic Nanoparticles 47715.5 Concept of Heat Generation 48015.6 Structural and Morphological Impact on Hyperthermia 48415.7 Magnetic Hyperthermia in Clinical Practice 48515.8 Drawbacks and Future Scope 49315.9 Conclusion 49416 Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Photoacoustics and Ultrasound Imaging 503Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena, Amrita Kulkarni, Shruti Rajan, Rachit Jain, Vasavi Pasupuleti and Dharmendra Kumar Khatri16.1 Introduction 50416.2 Photoacoustic and Ultrasound (PA/US) Imaging Modality 50416.3 Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles: Theranostic Potential 50716.4 Role of FMNPs in Central Nervous System Disorders 51216.5 Functionalized MNPs in CNS Disease Management 51416.6 Conclusion 52517 Biocompatibility, Toxicity Concerns, Environmental and Safety Considerations, and Legal Aspects of Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles 533Parveen Kumar, Ranjit Singh and Preeti Kush17.1 Introduction 53317.2 Biocompatibility and Toxicity Concerns of Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles 53517.3 Environmental and Safety Considerations of Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles 54617.4 Legal Aspects 55117.5 Future Perspective and Conclusion 554References 555Index 559