Functional Neurologic Disorders

Dr. Hallett is the President of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. He also serves as the Chief of the Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Hallett obtained his M.D. at Harvard University, interned at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital and trained in Neurology at Massachusetts General Hospital. He had fellowships in Neurophysiology at the National Institutes of Health and at the Institute of Psychiatry in London. From 1976 to 1984, Dr. Hallett was the Chief of the Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratory at the Brigham and Women's Hospital and worked up to Associate Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School. From 1984, he has been at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke where he also served as Clinical Director of NINDS until July 2000. He is past President of the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine and the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society and also served as Vice-President of the American Academy of Neurology. He has served as Editor of many journals and books and has had many honors. His work mainly deals with principles of motor control and the pathophysiology of movement disorders. Dr. Hallett’s interests in motor control are wide-ranging, and include brain plasticity and its relevance to neurological disorders and the pathophysiology of dystonia, parkinsonism, and myoclonus. In recent years, he has become interested in disorders of volition, including tic and functional movement disorders. Dr. Jon Stone FRCP PhD is a Consultant Neurologist and Honorary Reader in Neurology in Edinburgh. He has had a research interest in functional disorders in neurology since 1999 and completed his PhD thesis on a case control study of patients with functional limb weakness. He has published widely in the area including systematic reviews, large cohort studies, imaging studies and treatment studies. He has contributed to new diagnostic criteria for DSM-5 and ICD-11 and the development of professional organisations in this area. In 2009 he made a website for patients with functional neurological disorders at www.neurosymptoms.org which has been translated by other neurologists in to 12 other languages and receives 60,000 visits a month. As of August 2012 is a National Research Strategy (NHS Scotland) Career Fellow. His work has been recognised with plenary sessions at the World Congress of Neurology, American Academy of Neurology, Movement Disorders World Congress and Association of British Neurologists as well as the Jean Hunter Award for Nervous Diseases (Royal College of Physicians). Alan John Carson, MBCHB, MPHIL, MD, FRCPSYCH, FRCP is Consultant Neuropsychiatrist in Edinburgh, U.K. His interest in neuropsychiatry began during a spell working in Kenya, as a Wellcome Research Registrar, conducting a study on the psychiatric and cognitive effects of HIV infection. He then completed his higher training in Edinburgh, under the guidance of Professors Michael Sharpe and Charles Warlow, where he developed an interest in functional neurological symptoms. Dr. Carson currently works as a Consultant Neuropsychiatrist in Edinburgh, split between the brain injury units at the Astley Ainslie Hospital and the Regional Neurosciences Unit at the Western General Hospital, where along with Dr. Jon Stone, he is engaged in a series of studies on functional neurological symptoms. He has led a number of epidemiological studies on functional disorders, most notably the Scottish Neurological Symptoms Study. He has a particular interest in development of treatment strategies for functional disorders and has led development of novel brief psychotherapies for functional symptoms, and is one of the lead investigators for the CODES trial of CBT for dissociative seizures. Dr. Carson holds a number of advisory posts in neuropsychiatry and he is the chair of the National MCN for acquired brain injury. He is the associate editor of Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry and the President of the British Neuropsychiatry Association.

• Section 1: HistoryChapter 1: A brief history of hysteria: From the ancient to the modernChapter 2: Charcot, hysteria, and simulated disordersChapter 3: Neurologic approaches to hysteria, psychogenic and functional disorders from the late 19th century onwardsChapter 4: Freud's hysteria and its legacySection 2: Epidemiology, etiology, and mechanismChapter 5: EpidemiologyChapter 6: Neurophysiologic studies of functional neurologic disordersChapter 7: Imaging studies of functional neurologic disordersChapter 8: Dissociation and functional neurologic disordersChapter 9: Hypnosis as a model of functional neurologic disordersChapter 10: Psychologic theories in functional neurologic disordersChapter 11: Voluntary or involuntary? A neurophysiologic approach to functional movement disordersChapter 12: Neurobiologic theories of functional neurologic disordersChapter 13: Stress, childhood trauma, and cognitive functions in functional neurologic disordersChapter 14: Do (epi)genetics impact the brain in functional neurologic disorders?Section 3: Symptoms (including signs and investigations)Chapter 15: Assessment of patients with functional neurologic disordersChapter 16: The classification of conversion disorder (functional neurologic symptom disorder) in ICD and DSMChapter 17: Neurologic diagnostic criteria for functional neurologic disordersChapter 18: Functional limb weakness and paralysisChapter 19: Functional tremorChapter 20: Functional dystoniaChapter 21: Functional jerks, tics, and paroxysmal movement disordersChapter 22: Psychogenic (functional) parkinsonismChapter 23: Functional gait disorderChapter 24: Functional sensory symptomsChapter 25: Nonepileptic seizures – subjective phenomenaChapter 26: Nonepileptic seizures – objective phenomenaChapter 27: Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: EEG and investigationChapter 28: Functional comaChapter 29: Functional and simulated visual lossChapter 30: Functional eye movement disordersChapter 31: Functional facial and tongue movement disordersChapter 32: Functional auditory disordersChapter 33: Functional speech disorders: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and managementChapter 34: Functional voice disorders: Clinical presentations and differential diagnosisChapter 35: Psychologic/functional forms of memory disorderChapter 36: Functional (dissociative) retrograde amnesiaChapter 37: Functional (psychogenic) dizzinessChapter 38: Urologic symptoms and functional neurologic disordersChapter 39: Functional disorders of swallowingChapter 40: Pediatric functional neurologic symptomsChapter 41: Posttraumatic functional movement disordersChapter 42: Factitious disorders and malingering in relation to functional neurologic disordersSection 4: TreatmentChapter 43: Prognosis of functional neurologic disordersChapter 44: Explanation as treatment for functional neurologic disordersChapter 45: Physical treatment of functional neurologic disordersChapter 46: Psychologic treatment of functional neurologic disordersChapter 47: Hypnosis as therapy for functional neurologic disordersChapter 48: Nature of the placebo and nocebo effect in relation to functional neurologic disordersChapter 49: The role of placebo in the diagnosis and treatment of functional neurologic disordersChapter 50: Transcranial magnetic stimulation and sedation as treatment for functional neurologic disordersChapter 51: Inpatient treatment for functional neurologic disordersIndex