Functional Materials for Sustainable Energy Applications

John Kilner is B. C. H. Steele Professor of Energy Materials at Imperial College London, UK. Stephen Skinner is Reader in Materials Chemistry at Imperial College London, UK. Stuart Irvine is Research Professor in Opto-electronic Materials for Solar Energy at Glyndwr University, UK. Peter Edwards is Professor and Head of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Oxford, UK.

• Contributor contact detailsWoodhead Publishing Series in EnergyPrefacePart I: Functional materials for solar powerChapter 1: Silicon-based photovoltaic solar cellsAbstract:1.1 Introduction1.2 Polysilicon production1.3 Crystallisation and wafering1.4 Solar cells: materials issues and cell architectures1.5 ConclusionsChapter 2: Photovoltaic (PV) thin-films for solar cellsAbstract:2.1 Introduction2.2 Amorphous silicon thin-film photovoltaic (PV)2.3 Cadmium telluride thin-film PV2.4 Copper indium diselenide thin-film PV2.5 Materials sustainability2.6 Future trends2.7 Sources of further information and adviceChapter 3: Rapid, low-temperature processing of dye-sensitized solar cellsAbstract:3.1 Introduction to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs)3.2 Manufacturing issues3.3 Sensitization3.4 Electrodes3.5 Electrolyte3.6 Quality control (QC)/lifetime testing3.7 Conclusions and future trends3.8 AcknowledgementsChapter 4: Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) devices: introduction and modellingAbstract:4.1 Introduction to thermophotovoltaics (TPVs)4.2 Practical TPV cell performance4.3 Modelling TPV cells4.4 Tandem TPV cells4.5 ConclusionsChapter 5: Photoelectrochemical cells for hydrogen generationAbstract:5.1 Introduction5.2 Photoelectrochemical cells: principles and energetics5.3 Photoelectrochemical cell configurations and efficiency considerations5.4 Semiconductor photoanodes: material challenges5.5 Semiconductor photocathodes: material challenges5.6 Advances in photochemical cell materials and design5.7 Interfacial reaction kinetics5.8 Future trends5.9 Acknowledgements5.11 Appendix: abbreviationsPart II: Functional materials for hydrogen production and storageChapter 6: Reversible solid oxide electrolytic cells for large-scale energy storage: challenges and opportunitiesAbstract:6.1 Introduction to reversible solid oxide cells6.2 Operating principles and functional materials6.3 Degradation mechanisms in solid oxide electrolysis cells6.4 Research needs and opportunities6.5 Summary and conclusionsChapter 7: Membranes, adsorbent materials and solvent-based materials for syngas and hydrogen separationAbstract:7.1 Introduction7.2 H2-selective membrane materials7.3 CO2-selective membrane materials7.4 Adsorbent materials for H2/CO2 separation7.5 Solvent-based materials for H2/CO2 separation7.6 Future trends7.7 Sources of further information and adviceChapter 8: Functional materials for hydrogen storageAbstract:8.1 Introduction8.2 Hydrogen storage with metal hydrides: an introduction8.3 Hydrogen storage with interstitial hydrides, AlH3 and MgH28.4 Hydrogen storage with complex metal hydrides8.5 Hydrogen storage using other chemical systems8.6 Hydrogen storage with porous materials and nanoconfined materials8.7 Applications of hydrogen storage8.8 ConclusionsPart III: Functional materials for fuel cellsChapter 9: The role of the fuel in the operation, performance and degradation of fuel cellsAbstract:9.1 Introduction9.2 Thermodynamics of fuel cell operation and the effect of fuel on performance9.3 Hydrocarbon fuels and fuel processing9.4 Methanol9.5 Other fuels9.6 Deleterious effects of fuels on fuel cell performance9.7 Conclusions9.8 AcknowledgementsChapter 10: Membrane electrode assemblies for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cellsAbstract:10.1 Introduction10.2 Requirements for membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs)10.3 Porous backing layer materials10.4 Membrane materials10.5 MEA electrode catalyst layer10.6 MEA performance10.7 ConclusionsChapter 11: Developments in membranes, catalysts and membrane electrode assemblies for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs)Abstract:11.1 Introduction11.2 Historica! development and technical challenges11.3 Methanol oxidation reaction catalysts11.4 Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts11.5 Proton exchange membranes11.6 Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabrication and structure11.7 Conclusions and future trends11.8 AcknowledgementsChapter 12: Electrolytes and ion conductors for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs)Abstract:12.1 Introduction12.2 Oxide ion conduction12.3 Electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs)12.4 Preparation and characterization of electrolyte materials for SOFCs12.5 ConclusionsChapter 13: Novel cathodes for solid oxide fuel cellsAbstract:13.1 Introduction13.2 The oxygen reduction reaction in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and implications for cathode materials13.3 Conventional cathode materials: perovskitetype oxides13.4 Innovative cathode materials: structural aspects of 2D non-stoichiometric perovskite-related oxides13.5 Comparative transport properties and electrochemical performances of 2D non-stoichiometric oxides13.6 Ln2NiO4 + δ oxides: innovative and flexible materials for air electrodes of protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) and electrolyzers13.7 Prospective conclusionsChapter 14: Novel anode materials for solid oxide fuel cellsAbstract:14.1 Introduction14.2 Requirements for solid oxide fuel cell anode materials14.3 Cermet solid oxide fuel cell anode materials14.4 Perovskite-structured solid oxide fuel cell anode materials14.5 Other oxide anode materials14.6 Non-oxide anode materials14.7 Poisoning of solid oxide fuel cell anode materials14.8 Conclusions and future trendsChapter 15: Thin-film solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) materialsAbstract:15.1 Introduction15.2 Electrolytes15.3 Anode materials15.4 Cathode materials15.5 Device structures15.6 Conclusions15.7 Acknowledgments15.9 Appendix: glossaryChapter 16: Proton conductors for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs)Abstract:16.1 The proton conduction mechanism in high-temperature proton conductor (HTPC) electrolytes16.2 Reaction processes at the electrode/electrolyte when using HTPC electrolytes16.3 HTPC: the state of the art and challenges16.4 Electrodes for HTPC electrolytes: the state of the art and challenges16.5 Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) based on HTPC electrolytes: current status and future perspectives16.6 ConclusionsPart IV: Functional materials for demand reduction and energy storageChapter 17: Materials and techniques for energy harvestingAbstract:17.1 Introduction17.2 Theory of motion energy harvesting17.3 Piezoelectric harvesting17.4 Electrostatic harvesting17.5 Thermoelectric harvesting17.6 Electromagnetic energy harvesting from motion17.7 Suspension materials for motion energy harvestingChapter 18: Lithium batteries: current technologies and future trendsAbstract:18.1 Introduction18.2 Lithium-ion batteries18.3 Safety of lithium-ion batteries18.4 Energy density of lithium-ion batteries18.5 Future trends18.6 AcknowledgementsChapter 19: Rare-earth magnets: properties, processing and applicationsAbstract:19.1 Introduction19.2 Properties of permanent magnetic materials19.3 Improving the properties of permanent magnetic materials19.4 Processing of permanent magnets19.5 Properties of commercially manufactured permanent magnets19.6 Applications of permanent magnet materialsPart V: AppendixAtomic-scale computer simulation of functional materials: methodologies and applicationsIndex