Functional Coatings

Raj K. Arya, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India. George D. Verros, PhD, works as a Chemical Engineer for public sector environmental projects in Greece. J. Paulo Davim, PhD, is a Full Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Aveiro, Portugal.

• List of Contributors xxivPreface xxxPart I Introduction and Fundamentals 11 Introduction to Functional Coatings 3Devyani Thapliyal, Sarojini Verma, Kshitij Tewari, Chitresh Kumar Bhargava, Pramita Sen, Simmi Goel, Gargi Ghoshal, George D. Verros, and Raj K. Arya1.1 Introduction 31.2 Various Types of Coatings 51.3 Manufacturing of Coatings 121.4 Characterization of Coatings 151.5 Applications of Coatings 181.6 Conclusion 182 Innovative Coating Methods for the Industrial Applications 23Kshitij Tewari, Devyani Thapliyal, Chitresh Kumar Bhargava, Sarojini Verma, Anshi Mehra, Snehil Rana, Arvind K. Gautam, George D. Verros, and Raj K. Arya2.1 Introduction 232.2 Spray Coating 252.3 Various Types of Chemical Conversion Coatings 282.4 Spin Coating 332.5 Drop Casting Coatings 342.6 Sol–Gel Coatings 372.7 Dip Coating 372.8 Blade/Doctor Blade Coating 392.9 Self-cleaning Coatings 392.10 Composite Coatings 402.11 Powder Coatings 412.12 Ultraviolet Curing 412.13 Electron Beam (EB) Curing Method 432.14 Hot Melt Coating (HMC) 442.15 Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) 442.16 Electrochemical Plating 452.17 Slot/Die Coating 452.18 Conclusion 463 Coatings Research Institutes, Organizations, Associations, Societies, Academic Departments, and Centers 51Sarojini Verma, Devyani Thapliyal, Arvind K. Gautam, Chitresh Kumar Bhargava, Kshitij Tewari, Avinash Chandra, Pramita Sen, George D. Verros, and Raj K. Arya3.1 Introduction 513.2 Coatings Organizations 523.3 Coating Industries 603.4 List of Academic Institutions Dealing with Coatings 603.5 Conclusion 82Part II Functional Protective Coatings 834 Anticorrosion Coating: Protective Mechanism and Classifications 85Kamleshwar Kumar, Shailendra Singh Bhadauria, Amanpreet Kaur, and Raj K. Arya4.1 Background of Corrosion 854.2 Importance of Anticorrosion Coatings 904.3 Classification of Anticorrosion Coating 914.4 Discussion on Protective Mechanisms and Applications of Anticorrosion Coatings 935 Advances in Corrosion-Resistant Coatings: Types, Formulating Principles, Properties, and Applications 110Ganesh S. Zade and Kiran D. Patil5.1 Introduction 1105.2 Types of Corrosion 1115.3 Factors Affecting the Corrosion 1155.4 Methods of Corrosion Prevention 1195.5 Corrosion-Resistant Coatings 1205.6 Classifications of Corrosion-Resistant Coatings 1225.7 Formulating Principles of Corrosion-Resistant Coatings 1245.8 Selection of Raw Material for Coating 1315.9 Properties of Corrosion-Resistant Coatings 1325.10 Applications of Corrosion-Resistant Coatings 1355.11 Recent Advances in Corrosion-Resistant Coatings 1365.12 Emerging Coating Technologies in Corrosion Protection 1405.13 Conclusion and Future Aspects of Corrosion-Resistant Coatings 1415.14 Future Aspects of Corrosion-Resistant Coatings 1426 Anticorrosion Coating Using Natural Biopolymer 153S.K. Sundar and Jeel Solanki6.1 Introduction 1536.2 Corrosion Environment 1556.3 Classification of Corrosion 1556.4 Anticorrosion Techniques 1576.5 Biopolymers for Anticorrosion Applications 1586.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 1657 Marine Coatings 168Vishal Chauhan, Nihar Sakhadeo, and T. Umasankar Patro7.1 Introduction 1687.2 Coating Surfaces 1717.3 Surface Preparations 1737.4 Coating Methods for Marine Coatings 1757.5 Performance Analysis of Coating 1767.6 Coating Defects/Failures 1777.7 Chemistry of Coating Materials 1817.8 Classification of Marine Coatings Based on Their Functions 1857.9 Conclusions and Future Prospects 1938 Fire-Retardant Coatings for Modern Lightweight Materials: Contemporary and Future Perspectives 202Anupreet Kaur , Karan Kapoor , Aadhar Mandot , Sachin Kumar Godara , Ashwini Kumar Sood , and Mandeep Singh8.1 Introduction 2028.2 Fire 2048.3 Burning Cycle for Different Fiber/Polymers 2058.4 Methods of Achieving Flame Retardancy in Textiles 2078.5 Coatings 2128.6 Flame Resistant Versus Fire Retardant 2178.7 Fire-Retardant Coatings and Their Implications on the Environment 2188.8 Synthesizing Fire-Retardant Coatings 2198.9 Contemporary Uses for Fire-Retardant Coatings 2258.10 Eminence of Fire-Retardants Coatings 2268.11 Shortcomings 2268.12 Future Perspectives 2278.13 Conclusion 227Part III Other Type of Functional Coatings 2319 Antimicrobial Coatings: Current Mechanisms, Challenges, and Opportunities 233Sushama Agarwalla, Sunil Kumar Singh, Mohammed Adil Ibrahim, Hemanth Noothalapati, and Suhanya Duraiswamy9.1 Introduction 2339.2 Inorganic Nanomaterials as Antimicrobial Agents 2349.3 Polymer Antimicrobial Coatings 2409.4 Organic Antimicrobial Coatings 2489.5 Toxicity and Environmental Consideration 2559.6 Emerging Trends in Antimicrobial Surfaces and Coating 2599.7 Summary 26210 Synthesis Mechanisms for Antimicrobial Polymeric Coatings 275Devyani Thapliyal, George D. Verros, and Raj K. Arya10.1 Introduction 27510.2 Mechanisms of Action of Antimicrobial Agents 27610.3 Synthesis Methods for Antimicrobial Polymeric Coatings 27710.4 Applications of Antimicrobial Polymeric Coatings 28510.5 Challenges and Future Perspectives 28611 Superhydrophobic Coatings: Insights and Real-World Applications 299Sonanki Keshri, S. Sudha, Subhajit Roychowdhury, and Kishant Kumar11.1 Introduction to Functional Coatings 29911.2 Design of Superhydrophobic Surfaces 30411.3 Superhydrophobic Materials and Coatings: Emerging Applications 31811.4 Current Developments and Challenges of Designs of Superhydrophobic Materials 32611.5 List of Coating Research Institutes 32711.6 Summary and Perspectives 32712 Nature-Inspired Sustainable Superhydrophobic/Superoleophobic Coatings for Emulsified Oil/Water Separation 338Arun K. Singh, Lipika, and Reeta Rani Singhania12.1 Introduction 33812.2 Basic Strategies for Oil/Water Emulsion Separation 34012.3 Coated Surfaces for Emulsified Oil/Water Separation 34112.4 Conclusion 35713 Nano-powder Coatings: Manufacturing, Curing, and Applications 365Dhiraj Kishor Tatar , Jay Mant Jha, Devendra Rai, Yash Jaiswal, Jamna Prasad Gujar , Vinay Raj, and Shanmuk Srinivas Ravuru13.1 Introduction 36513.2 Manufacturing of Nano- powder Coatings 36713.3 Comparisons to Liquid Coatings 36813.4 Nano- powder Curing Process 36913.5 Methods to Apply Nano- powder Coatings 37013.6 Applications of Nano- powder Coatings 37413.7 Advantages of Nano- powder Coatings 37413.8 Conclusions 37514 Icephobic Coatings: Current Trends and Future Perspectives 380Utkarsha Umesh Gwalwanshi, Jitendra S. Narkhede, Narayanan Rajagopalan, and Ravindra G. Puri14.1 Introduction 38014.2 Surface Energy, Contact Angle, and Wettability 38114.3 Icephobicity 38414.4 Strategies Involved in Icephobic Coating 38714.5 Evaluation of Icephobic Coatings 39514.6 Conclusion and Future Scopes 39715 Role of Wetting and Dispersing Additives in Coatings 407Shiv Charan Prajapati and Raj K. Arya15.1 Introduction 40715.2 Wetting and Dispersing Additive 40815.3 Why Wetting and Dispersing Agents Required? 40915.4 Role of Wetting and Dispersing Additives 40915.5 Mechanism of Wetting and Dispersing Additive 41115.6 Wetting and Dispersing Process of Pigments 41315.7 Chemical Classification of Wetting and Dispersing Agents 41615.8 Challenges in the Paint Industry 42015.9 Living Polymerization 42015.10 Conclusion 42115.11 Future Recommendations 42216 Surface Defects—Causes, Prevention, and Remedies 426Preetam Satish Bharadiya, Utkarsha U. Gwalwanshi, Narayanan Rajagopalan, and Ravindra G. Puri16.1 Introduction 42616.2 Surface Coating Defects 42816.3 Additives to Prevent Surface Defects 43916.4 Identification of Defects 44116.5 Future Recommendations 44217 Machine Learning in Commercialized Coatings 450Harshit Mittal and Omkar Singh Kushwaha17.1 Introduction 45017.2 Machine Learning Methods 45417.3 Discovery Using Machine Learning 46417.4 Conclusions 46717.5 Future Perspectives 46818 Advanced Characterization Techniques for Functional Coatings 475Kamleshwar Kumar, Shailendra Singh Bhadauria, Amanpreet Kaur, and Raj K. Arya18.1 Background of Functional Coatings 47518.2 Need for Advanced Characterization Techniques 47618.3 Classifications of Advanced Characterization Techniques 47618.4 Discussion on Morphological Characterization Techniques 47718.5 Discussion on Compositional Characterization Techniques 48618.6 Discussion on Crystallographic Characterization Techniques 49218.7 Discussion on Mechanical and Thermal Characterization Techniques 49819 Thermal Characterization of Passive Fire Protection Coatings Using Bayesian Inference 508Siva K. Bathina, Dharitri Kahali, Mahesh Kumar Tiwari, Deepak Sahu, and Dharmit Nakrani19.1 Introduction 50819.2 Inverse Problem 51019.3 Conclusions 51920 Sophisticated Characterization Techniques for Structure–Property Evaluation of Functional Coatings 522Swati Chopra, Jeetendra Kumar Banshiwal, Amit Singh, and Dibeyndu Sekhar Bag20.1 Introduction 52220.2 Fundamental Characterization of Functional Coatings 52420.3 Evaluation of Structure–Property Relationship for Functional Coatings 53820.4 Current Status and Future Challenges 56820.5 Concluding Remarks 568Author's Contribution 570Acknowledgment 570Conflicts of Interest 570References 570Index 585