About the EditorsDouglas H. Werner is an associate professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Pennsylvania State University. Dr. Werner is a member of the Communications and Space Sciences Laboratory (CSSL), is affiliated with the Electromagnetic Communication Research Laboratory, and is also a senior research associate in the Intelligence and Information Operations Department of the Applied Research Laboratory all at Pennsylvania State University. He has published widely in the field and is associate editor of Radio Science. Dr. Werner has received the 1993 Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES) Best Paper Award, the 1993 International Union of Radio Science (URSI) Young Scientist Award, and the 1994 Pennsylvania State University Applied Research Laboratory Outstanding Publication Award.Raj Mittra is a professor of electrical engineering, a senior research scientist at the Applied Research Laboratory, and director of the Electromagnetic Communication Research Laboratory all based at Pennsylvania State University. Dr. Mittra has published extensively on electromagnetics, antennas, and electronic, packaging. He serves as an editor of Archiv fur Elektronik and Ubertragungstechnik (AEU), also known as International Journal of Electronics Communications, and is president of RM Associates, a consulting organization that provides services to industrial and governmental organizations. Dr. Mittra is a Life Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and he received a Guggenheim Fellowship Award in 1965 and the IEEE Centennial Medal in 1984. He is a past president of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society and has served as the editor of the IEEE Transactions of the Antennas and Propagation Society.

• Preface. List of Contributors. GEOMETRY, TOPOLOGY, AND GROUPS. Fractal Electrodynamics: Surfaces and Superlattices (D. Jaggard, et al.). Fractal-Shaped Antennas (C. Puente, et al.). The Theory and Design of Fractal Antenna Arrays (D. Werner, et al.). Target Symmetry and the Scattering Dyadic (C. Baum). Complementary Structures in Two Dimensions (C. Baum). Topology in Electromagnetics (G. Marsh). The Electrodynamics of Torus Knots (D. Werner). OPTIMIZATION AND ESTIMATION. Biological Beamforming (R. Haupt, et al.). Model-Order Reduction in Electromagnetics Using Model-Based Parameter Estimation (E. Miller & T. Sarkar). Adaptive Decomposition in Electromagnetics (J. Burns & N. Subotic). ANALYTICAL METHODS. Lommel Expansions in Electromagnetics (D. Werner). Fractional Paradigm in Electromagnetic Theory (N. Engheta). Spherical-Multipole Analysis in Electromagnetics (S. Blume & L. Klinkenbusch). NUMERICAL METHODS. A Systematic Study of Perfectly Matched Absorbers (M. Kuzuoglu & R. Mittra). Fast Calculation of Interconnect Capacitances Using the Finite Difference Model Applied in Conjunction with the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) Approach for Mesh Truncation (V. Veremey & R. Mittra). Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methodologies for Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Complex Media (J. Young). A New Computational Electromagnetics Method Based on Discrete Mathematics (R. Diaz, et al.). Artificial Bianisotropic Composites (F. Mariotte, et al.). Index. About the Editors.

About the EditorsDouglas H. Werner is an associate professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Pennsylvania State University. Dr. Werner is a member of the Communications and Space Sciences Laboratory (CSSL), is affiliated with the Electromagnetic Communication Research Laboratory, and is also a senior research associate in the Intelligence and Information Operations Department of the Applied Research Laboratory all at Pennsylvania State University. He has published widely in the field and is associate editor of Radio Science. Dr. Werner has received the 1993 Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES) Best Paper Award, the 1993 International Union of Radio Science (URSI) Young Scientist Award, and the 1994 Pennsylvania State University Applied Research Laboratory Outstanding Publication Award.Raj Mittra is a professor of electrical engineering, a senior research scientist at the Applied Research Laboratory, and director of the Electromagnetic Communication Research Laboratory all based at Pennsylvania State University. Dr. Mittra has published extensively on electromagnetics, antennas, and electronic, packaging. He serves as an editor of Archiv fur Elektronik and Ubertragungstechnik (AEU), also known as International Journal of Electronics Communications, and is president of RM Associates, a consulting organization that provides services to industrial and governmental organizations. Dr. Mittra is a Life Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and he received a Guggenheim Fellowship Award in 1965 and the IEEE Centennial Medal in 1984. He is a past president of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society and has served as the editor of the IEEE Transactions of the Antennas and Propagation Society.

• Preface. List of Contributors. GEOMETRY, TOPOLOGY, AND GROUPS. Fractal Electrodynamics: Surfaces and Superlattices (D. Jaggard, et al.). Fractal-Shaped Antennas (C. Puente, et al.). The Theory and Design of Fractal Antenna Arrays (D. Werner, et al.). Target Symmetry and the Scattering Dyadic (C. Baum). Complementary Structures in Two Dimensions (C. Baum). Topology in Electromagnetics (G. Marsh). The Electrodynamics of Torus Knots (D. Werner). OPTIMIZATION AND ESTIMATION. Biological Beamforming (R. Haupt, et al.). Model-Order Reduction in Electromagnetics Using Model-Based Parameter Estimation (E. Miller & T. Sarkar). Adaptive Decomposition in Electromagnetics (J. Burns & N. Subotic). ANALYTICAL METHODS. Lommel Expansions in Electromagnetics (D. Werner). Fractional Paradigm in Electromagnetic Theory (N. Engheta). Spherical-Multipole Analysis in Electromagnetics (S. Blume & L. Klinkenbusch). NUMERICAL METHODS. A Systematic Study of Perfectly Matched Absorbers (M. Kuzuoglu & R. Mittra). Fast Calculation of Interconnect Capacitances Using the Finite Difference Model Applied in Conjunction with the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) Approach for Mesh Truncation (V. Veremey & R. Mittra). Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methodologies for Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Complex Media (J. Young). A New Computational Electromagnetics Method Based on Discrete Mathematics (R. Diaz, et al.). Artificial Bianisotropic Composites (F. Mariotte, et al.). Index. About the Editors.

About the EditorsDouglas H. Werner is an associate professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Pennsylvania State University. Dr. Werner is a member of the Communications and Space Sciences Laboratory (CSSL), is affiliated with the Electromagnetic Communication Research Laboratory, and is also a senior research associate in the Intelligence and Information Operations Department of the Applied Research Laboratory all at Pennsylvania State University. He has published widely in the field and is associate editor of Radio Science. Dr. Werner has received the 1993 Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES) Best Paper Award, the 1993 International Union of Radio Science (URSI) Young Scientist Award, and the 1994 Pennsylvania State University Applied Research Laboratory Outstanding Publication Award.Raj Mittra is a professor of electrical engineering, a senior research scientist at the Applied Research Laboratory, and director of the Electromagnetic Communication Research Laboratory all based at Pennsylvania State University. Dr. Mittra has published extensively on electromagnetics, antennas, and electronic, packaging. He serves as an editor of Archiv fur Elektronik and Ubertragungstechnik (AEU), also known as International Journal of Electronics Communications, and is president of RM Associates, a consulting organization that provides services to industrial and governmental organizations. Dr. Mittra is a Life Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and he received a Guggenheim Fellowship Award in 1965 and the IEEE Centennial Medal in 1984. He is a past president of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society and has served as the editor of the IEEE Transactions of the Antennas and Propagation Society.

• Preface. List of Contributors. GEOMETRY, TOPOLOGY, AND GROUPS. Fractal Electrodynamics: Surfaces and Superlattices (D. Jaggard, et al.). Fractal-Shaped Antennas (C. Puente, et al.). The Theory and Design of Fractal Antenna Arrays (D. Werner, et al.). Target Symmetry and the Scattering Dyadic (C. Baum). Complementary Structures in Two Dimensions (C. Baum). Topology in Electromagnetics (G. Marsh). The Electrodynamics of Torus Knots (D. Werner). OPTIMIZATION AND ESTIMATION. Biological Beamforming (R. Haupt, et al.). Model-Order Reduction in Electromagnetics Using Model-Based Parameter Estimation (E. Miller & T. Sarkar). Adaptive Decomposition in Electromagnetics (J. Burns & N. Subotic). ANALYTICAL METHODS. Lommel Expansions in Electromagnetics (D. Werner). Fractional Paradigm in Electromagnetic Theory (N. Engheta). Spherical-Multipole Analysis in Electromagnetics (S. Blume & L. Klinkenbusch). NUMERICAL METHODS. A Systematic Study of Perfectly Matched Absorbers (M. Kuzuoglu & R. Mittra). Fast Calculation of Interconnect Capacitances Using the Finite Difference Model Applied in Conjunction with the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) Approach for Mesh Truncation (V. Veremey & R. Mittra). Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methodologies for Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Complex Media (J. Young). A New Computational Electromagnetics Method Based on Discrete Mathematics (R. Diaz, et al.). Artificial Bianisotropic Composites (F. Mariotte, et al.). Index. About the Editors.