Rosolino Buccheri was research director in astrophysics and cosmic physics at the Instituto di Fisica Cosmica e Applicazioni dell’Informatica and the Area della Ricerca in Palermo, Italy. He has the discovery of the first superfast binary pulsar from the Arecibo Observatory and the detailed pulsed radiation from the Crab and Vela pulsars with the Cos-B satellite to his credit. Dr Buccheri has published 200 scientific articles, co-authored the book L’idea del Tempo (UTET, Milano) with Margherita Hack and Pippo Battaglia, and authored the books Fra il mito della certezza e la certezza del Mito (Saladino, Palermo) and Myth, Chaos, and Certainty: Notes on Cosmos, Life, and Knowledge (Jenny Stanford Publishing, Singapore).

• Introduction 1. Just One … but Dual! A Summary of Old, Classical, and Modern Views Quantum, Prigogine, and Contemporary Science Uniqueness of Self-Conscience Rationality, Intuition, and Common Sense Duality and the Creative Tension of Antinomies 2. Second Principle of Thermodynamics: Is Any Door Really Closed? From Simple Hydrogen to Complex Life Evolution, Emergency, Mind Time’s Flow and the Increasing Brain Size Intelligent Life in the Expanding Universe Entropy: A Law or Just a Principle? Is the Analysis Complete? Human Actions Produce Work, as Other Forces Do! Thermal Death or ‘Intelligent Design’? Will Always Be Valid All What We Believe Today? 3. Integrative Considerations Intelligibility and Hidden Aspects of Reality Asserted and Denied Truths The Exophysical Point of View Intersubjectivity, Endophysics Life vs Ambient Epilogue by Evgeni B. Starikov