Michael Bernhard is Professor of Political Science at Penn State University. He is the author of The Origins of Democratization in Poland: Workers, Intellectuals, and Oppositional Politics, 1976–1980 (1993) and co-translator of The Establishment of Communist Rule in Poland, 1943–1948 (1991). Henryk Szlajfer is an economist and sociologist and a researcher at the Institute of Political Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The author of a number of books and articles on comparative economic history, he is a professor at the G. C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Germany.

“This is a valuable book, necessary for the specialist on East and Central Europe and all who want to consider seriously the problem of democratic transition.”—Contemporary Sociology

Michael Bernhard is Professor of Political Science at Penn State University. He is the author of The Origins of Democratization in Poland: Workers, Intellectuals, and Oppositional Politics, 1976–1980 (1993) and co-translator of The Establishment of Communist Rule in Poland, 1943–1948 (1991). Henryk Szlajfer is an economist and sociologist and a researcher at the Institute of Political Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The author of a number of books and articles on comparative economic history, he is a professor at the G. C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Germany.

“This is a valuable book, necessary for the specialist on East and Central Europe and all who want to consider seriously the problem of democratic transition.”—Contemporary Sociology

Michael Bernhard is Professor of Political Science at Penn State University. He is the author of The Origins of Democratization in Poland: Workers, Intellectuals, and Oppositional Politics, 1976–1980 (1993) and co-translator of The Establishment of Communist Rule in Poland, 1943–1948 (1991). Henryk Szlajfer is an economist and sociologist and a researcher at the Institute of Political Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The author of a number of books and articles on comparative economic history, he is a professor at the G. C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Germany.

“This is a valuable book, necessary for the specialist on East and Central Europe and all who want to consider seriously the problem of democratic transition.”—Contemporary Sociology