From the City as a Project to the City Project

The city is a forward-looking project rooted in existing challenges and dynamics. This tension has been especially apparent in the 21st century, when city projects have been contending with great changes in different areas of society: globalization, technology (third and fourth industrial revolutions), economy (neoliberalism), state reform, among others. For this reason, city projects must increasingly employ a plural vision. This second volume on the topic of the city as a project draws on a framework informed by historical examples presented in volume one to provide an overview of major theoretical and methodological advances in project formulation in the 21st century. Presenting classifications and analysis of contemporary cities and approaches, the contributions in this book illustrate diverse visions of the city. These perspectives collectively contribute to an understanding of the conditions that generate new inequalities and integrations in ongoing and imminent city projects-and thus evaluate the cities we seek to build.