From Industry 4.0 to Industry 6.0

Carolina Machado is Associate Professor with Habilitation at the University of Minho, Portugal. Her research interests include HRM-IHRM-HRM in SMEs, Industry 5.0 and sustainability.J. Paulo Davim is Professor at the University of Aveiro, Portugal. His research interests include manufacturing, materials, mechanical engineering, Industry 5.0 and sustainability.

• Preface xiCarolina MACHADO and J. Paulo DAVIMChapter 1 From Industry 4.0 Onward: Is There a Need for “Industry 6.0”? 1António Brandão MONIZ1.1 Introduction 11.2 From Industry 4.0 toward Industry 5.0 21.2.1 Limits of the technological developments 31.2.2 Discussions on the concept of i4.0 41.3 Arguments for “Industry 6.0” 61.3.1 The Finnish white paper on i6.0 61.3.2 New inputs for this concept 71.3.3 Possible outcomes on i6.0 91.4 Is there a new industrial revolution? 101.4.1 What is an Industrial Revolution? 101.4.2 The debate on sociology of work 111.4.3 The emergence of the concept of Work 4.0: toward i5.0? 121.4.4 Socio-technical systems of i4.0 151.5 Limits for an outcome 171.6 References 18Chapter 2 Industry 6.0 Transformation: Conceptual Transition Framework, Opportunities and aResearch Agenda 21Ismail W.R. TAIFA2.1 Background 212.2 Theoretical background 242.2.1 Definition of Industry 6.0 242.2.2 I1.0 to I6.0 inventions 242.2.3 Research gap with regard to I6.0 inventions 262.3 Methodology 262.4 Results and discussion 272.4.1 Opportunities under Industry 6.0 implementation 272.4.2 Factors to support the I6.0 implementation 282.4.3 Potential I6.0 benefits 342.4.4 Challenges that might hinder I6.0 implementation 342.5 I6.0 conceptual technological transition framework 352.5.1 Meaning of the transition framework 352.5.2 Transition framework constructs 362.6 Discussion 382.7 Conclusion and recommendations 392.7.1 Conclusion 392.7.2 Recommendations 402.7.3 Limitations of the study and future studies 402.8 References 41Chapter 3 Impact of Industry 6.0 on Human Cognitive Behavior 47Cosmina-Mihaela ROSCA and Adrian STANCU3.1 Introduction 473.2 Industry 5.0 versus 6.0 533.2.1 Main differences between Industry 5.0 and 6.0 533.2.2 Particular differences between Industry 5.0 and 6.0 553.3 Risks of intellectual degradation in the era of Industry 6.0 583.4 The erosion of human communication skills in the era of Industry 6.0 613.5 The shift of decision-making in Industry 6.0 from human to intelligent systems 623.6. The new concept of “Intellectual Perishability” in Industry 6.0and the risks of AI dependency in programming 633.7 The risk of job loss with the implementation of Industry 6.0 653.8 Concluding remarks 743.9 References 75Chapter 4 Understanding the Metaverse – A Holistic Approach of a Rapprochement with theMarketing Domain 81Qeis KAMRAN4.1 Introduction 824.1.1 Problem statement 864.2 Literature review of the Metaverse (part 1) 874.2.1 Structural content analysis of scientific sources 884.2.2 Structural content analysis of non-scientific sources 1034.2.3 Conclusion of part 1 1104.3 Luxury as an artifact of philosophy, phenomenology and culture in cyber-physical duality (part 2) 1114.3.1 Luxury in the Metaverse 1134.3.2 Culture, the Fifth Space 1174.4 Toward an integrative model of marketing (part 3) 1214.5 Conclusion 1284.6 Epilogue 1314.7 Appendix 1344.7.1 Appendix 1: KNIME Built-in Stop List 1344.7.2 Appendix 2: Manual Stop List 1344.8 References 134Chapter 5 Model-Based Management – A Safari of Essential Business Models 139Qeis KAMRAN5.1 Introduction 1405.2 Analysis of top management models 1425.2.1 Ansoff’s product/market grid model 1445.2.2 BCG matrix model 1475.2.3 CORE competencies model 1495.2.4 Greiner’s growth model 1515.2.5 Market-driven organization model 1565.2.6 The offshoring and outsourcing model 1595.2.7 Road mapping model 1625.2.8 Scenario planning model 1675.2.9 Strategic dialogue model 1725.2.10 Strategic HRM model 1785.2.11 Strategic human capital planning model 1835.2.12 The value disciplines of the Treacy and Wiersema model 1865.3 Conclusions 1895.4 References 190Chapter 6 Approaching the Portuguese Labor Market From a Gender and Generational Perspective inthe Era of Industry 4.0, Robotization and Artificial Intelligence 193José Rebelo dos SANTOS, Lurdes PEDRO and Célia QUINTAS6.1 Introduction 1946.2 Theoretical framework 1956.2.1 Context: making sense of gendered work across generations 1956.2.2 Work, gender and generation 1966.2.3 Organizational attributes: gender and generation differences 1976.2.4 Remuneration, rewards and benefits 1976.2.5 Social responsibility: quality of life at work/flexibility/work–family balance 1986.2.6 Career development 1996.2.7 Professional recognition 2006.2.8 Training 2016.2.9 Work relations 2016.2.10 Gender and generations: the role of human resource management 2016.3 Methodology 2036.3.1 Ethical considerations 2046.3.2 Objectives 2046.3.3 Data collection procedure 2056.3.4 Sample and participants 2056.3.5 Data processing 2056.4 Results and discussions 2066.4.1 Participants 2066.4.2 Descriptive analysis by generation 2086.4.3 Association/correlation analyses 2126.4.4 Association between gender and ordinal variables relating to perceptions 2136.4.5 Spearman’s correlations between ordinal variables 2136.4.6 Limitations and implications 2156.5 Conclusion 2156.6 References 216Chapter 7 Add More Marketing to Marketing Doctoral Programs – Answering Hunt and Yadav’s Calls223Qeis KAMRAN7.1 Introduction 2247.1.1 The research problem 2247.1.2 Research objectives 2257.1.3 Actuality/novelty of the research 2267.1.4 Research questions 2267.2 Literature review 2277.2.1 Limitations 2347.2.2 Method 2347.2.3 Analyses 2477.2.4 CA analysis/results 2517.2.5 Contributing authors 2757.2.6 Most influential papers 2777.3 Conclusions 2797.4 Discussion 2807.5 References 282Chapter 8 Industry 6.0: Why Talk About It Now? 291Carolina MACHADO and Catarina da Silva NOGUEIRA8.1 Introduction 2918.2 Historical context: from the First to the Fifth Industrial Revolution 2928.3 The transition from Industry 5.0 to Industry 6.0 2958.4 Industry 6.0 2978.5. Fundamental differences between Industry 5.0 and Industry 6.0 2988.6 Industry 6.0: technological innovation, sustainability and human well-being 3008.7 By way of conclusion 3018.7.1 Why talk about Industry 6.0 now? 3018.8 References 302List of Authors 307Index 309