Jerome C. Wakefield is Professor of Social Work, Associate Faculty in Philosophy and in the Center for Bioethics, School of Global Public Health, and Honorary Faculty at the Institute for Psychoanalytic Education, New York University, USA. Author of over 300 publications across psychology, philosophy, and psychiatry, his books include The Loss of Sadness (2007) and Foucault versus Freud (2025).

• Chapter 1 Introduction: The Multi-Century Debate Over the Existence of Unconscious Mental States.- Chapter 2 Descartes and the Origins of the Consciousness Criterion.- Chapter 3 Leibniz’s Divisibility Argument for Unconscious Perceptions.- Chapter 4 The Memory Argument for Unconscious Mental States.- Chapter 5 Unnoticed Mental States.- Chapter 6 The Forgotten Consciousness Argument: Descartes to James.- Chapter 7 The Gap Argument.- Chapter 8 Beyond the Memory and Gap Arguments: Perception, Parapraxes, Post-hypnotic Suggestion, Non-conscious Problem Solving.- Chapter 9 Unconscious Cerebration.- Chapter 10 Unconscious Mental States Versus Split-Off Dissociated Consciousness, Part 1.- Chapter 11 Unconscious Mental States Versus Split-Off Dissociated Consciousness, Part 2.- Chapter 12 Descartes' Dream Interpretation as a Challenge to Descartes' Account of Mind.- Chapter 13 Concluding Remarks: The Missing Criterion for Unconscious Representation.

Jerome C. Wakefield is Professor of Social Work, Associate Faculty in Philosophy and in the Center for Bioethics, School of Global Public Health, and Honorary Faculty at the Institute for Psychoanalytic Education, New York University, USA. Author of over 300 publications across psychology, philosophy, and psychiatry, his books include The Loss of Sadness (2007) and Foucault versus Freud (2025).

• Chapter 1 Introduction: The Multi-Century Debate Over the Existence of Unconscious Mental States.- Chapter 2 Descartes and the Origins of the Consciousness Criterion.- Chapter 3 Leibniz’s Divisibility Argument for Unconscious Perceptions.- Chapter 4 The Memory Argument for Unconscious Mental States.- Chapter 5 Unnoticed Mental States.- Chapter 6 The Forgotten Consciousness Argument: Descartes to James.- Chapter 7 The Gap Argument.- Chapter 8 Beyond the Memory and Gap Arguments: Perception, Parapraxes, Post-hypnotic Suggestion, Non-conscious Problem Solving.- Chapter 9 Unconscious Cerebration.- Chapter 10 Unconscious Mental States Versus Split-Off Dissociated Consciousness, Part 1.- Chapter 11 Unconscious Mental States Versus Split-Off Dissociated Consciousness, Part 2.- Chapter 12 Descartes' Dream Interpretation as a Challenge to Descartes' Account of Mind.- Chapter 13 Concluding Remarks: The Missing Criterion for Unconscious Representation.

Jerome C. Wakefield is Professor of Social Work, Associate Faculty in Philosophy and in the Center for Bioethics, School of Global Public Health, and Honorary Faculty at the Institute for Psychoanalytic Education, New York University, USA. Author of over 300 publications across psychology, philosophy, and psychiatry, his books include The Loss of Sadness (2007) and Foucault versus Freud (2025).

• Chapter 1 Introduction: The Multi-Century Debate Over the Existence of Unconscious Mental States.- Chapter 2 Descartes and the Origins of the Consciousness Criterion.- Chapter 3 Leibniz’s Divisibility Argument for Unconscious Perceptions.- Chapter 4 The Memory Argument for Unconscious Mental States.- Chapter 5 Unnoticed Mental States.- Chapter 6 The Forgotten Consciousness Argument: Descartes to James.- Chapter 7 The Gap Argument.- Chapter 8 Beyond the Memory and Gap Arguments: Perception, Parapraxes, Post-hypnotic Suggestion, Non-conscious Problem Solving.- Chapter 9 Unconscious Cerebration.- Chapter 10 Unconscious Mental States Versus Split-Off Dissociated Consciousness, Part 1.- Chapter 11 Unconscious Mental States Versus Split-Off Dissociated Consciousness, Part 2.- Chapter 12 Descartes' Dream Interpretation as a Challenge to Descartes' Account of Mind.- Chapter 13 Concluding Remarks: The Missing Criterion for Unconscious Representation.