Fraud, Corruption and Sport

Graham Brooks is a Senior Lecturer in Criminology at the University of Portsmouth, UK. His research interests focus on fraud and corruption.   Azeem Aleem is Principal Lecturer in Risk and Security at the University of Portsmouth, UK.   Mark Button is Reader in Criminology at the University of Portsmouth, UK. He specialises in security and counter fraud.

• Introduction PART I: FRAUD, CORRUPTION AND SPORT IN CONTEXT 1. Defining Fraud and Corruption in Sport 2. Defining Fraud 3. Defining Corruption 4. Developing a Typology of Fraud and Corruption in Sport 5. The Art of Bending and Breaking the Rules: A Continuum of Corruption 6. A Culture of Corruption: a Systemic Problem or Protecting Vested Interests? 7. Gambling: A Cause of Fraud and Corruption in Sport? 8. The Extent of Fraud and Corruption in Sport 9. The Problem in Measuring Fraud and Corruption in Sport 10. Surveys and Estimates of Fraud and Corruption in Sport 11. The Limitation of Surveys of Fraud and Corruption Data 12. Gambling and Sport: Measuring 'Attempted' Fraud and Corruption? 13. Why do Those in Sport Commit Fraud? 14. Individual Athletes and Acts of Fraud and Corruption 15. Sporting Institutions and Acts of Fraud and Corruption 16. Internet Fraud, Corruption and Sport 17. Money Laundering and Gambling Websites 18. Under Threat from 'Organised' Crime: Fraud, Corruption and Online Gambling Websites PART II: KEY BODIES: ENFORCEMENT AND GOVERNANCE 19. Fraud and Corruption in Football 20. Types of Fraud and Corruption in Football 21. Ticket Sales 22. Football Agents, Fees and Potential Tax Evasion 23. Match Fixing and its Association with Gambling 24. The Potential for Money Laundering and Lost Taxation from Football Clubs 25. Countering Fraud and Corruption in Football: A Structural Problem for Football Leagues 26. German Football: Broad Involvement, Limited Regulation and Incentives for Financial Window Dressing 27. The Structure of Italian Football: Creative Accounting in a Family Business? 28. Detecting, Exposing and Preventing Fraud and Corruption in Football 29. Fraud and Corruption in Cricket 30. Types of Fraud and Corruption in Cricket 31. Paying for Information 32. Match Fixing 33. Spot-fixing 34. Countering Fraud and Corruption in Cricket: The Role(s) of the ICC ACSU and National Boards 35. Detecting and Exposing Fraud and Corruption in Cricket: a Need for Special Investigators? 36. Fraud and Corruption in Horse Racing 37. Types of Fraud and Corruption in Horse Racing 38. Trading a Horse or Horse-trading? Buying a Horse at Auction 39. Auction Fraud in the United Kingdom and USA 40. Fixing Horse Races: Doping and Gambling in the Name of Profit? 41. Detecting, Exposing and Countering Fraud and Corruption in Horse Racing 42. Fraud and Corruption in Basketball 43. Types of Fraud and Corruption in Basketball 44. Point Shaving 45. Referee Bias 46. Tanking: Losing to Win? 47. Detecting, Countering and Exposing Fraud and Corruption in Basketball  48. Fraud and Corruption in Baseball 49. Types of Fraud and Corruption in Baseball 50. Match Fixing for Money: A Justification for Poor Pay and Restrictive Contracts? 51. Match Fixing for Glory: Little League Baseball (LLB) and State Corruption in Taiwan 52. Match Fixing for Organised Interests: Bribery, Threats and Intimidation 53. Detecting, Countering and Exposing Fraud and Corruption in Baseball: The Role(s) of the Major League Baseball (MLB) 54. Recourse to the Law: Getting MLB Attention? 55. Fraud and Corruption in Boxing 56. Types of Fraud and Corruption in Boxing 57. The Participants 58. Boxers 59. Managers 60. Promoters 61. Boxing Commissions 62. Sanctioning Organisations 63. Detecting, Exposing and Countering Fraud and Corruption in Boxing: The Evolution of Federal Regulation of Boxing 64. Preventing some Fraud and Corruption in Boxing: Improving Contracts, Developing a Database of Boxers and Employing Credible Referees and Judges 65. Overview and Final Reflections Bibliography