Forest Ecology

Häftad, Engelska, 2023

AvDaniel M. Kashian,Donald R. Zak,Burton V. Barnes,Stephen H. Spurr

1 659 kr

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FOREST ECOLOGYAuthoritative resource covering traditional plant ecology topics and contemporary components such as climate change, invasive species, ecosystem services, and moreForest Ecology provides comprehensive coverage of the field, focusing on traditional plant ecology topics of tree structure and growth, regeneration, effects of light and temperature on tree physiology, forest communities, succession, and diversity. The work also reviews abiotic factors of light, temperature, physiography (landforms and topography), soil, and disturbance (especially fire), and provides coverage of ecosystem-level topics including carbon storage and balance, nutrient cycling, and forest ecosystem productivity.The 5th edition of Forest Ecology retains the readability and accessibility of the previous editions and includes important additional topical material that has surfaced in the field. All topics are approached with a landscape ecosystem or geo-ecological view, which places biota (organisms and communities) in context as integral parts of whole ecosystems that also include air (atmosphere and climate), topography, soil, and water. As such, the book fills a niche utilized by no other forest ecology text on the market, helping students and researchers consider whole ecosystems at multiple scales.Sample topics covered in Forest Ecology include: Contemporary components of forest ecology, including climate change, invasive species, diversity, ecological forestry, landscape ecology, and ecosystem services.Characteristics of physiography important for forest ecosystems, including its effects on microclimate, disturbance, soil, and vegetation.Genetic diversity of woody plants and genecological differentiation of tree species, including the importance of hybridization, polyploidy, and epigenetics.Site quality estimation using tree height and ground flora, and multiple-factor approaches to forest site and ecosystem classification and mapping.Forest Ecology is a highly accessible text for students, but it also serves as an excellent reference for academics. In addition, practitioners of forest ecology can also harness the information within to gain better insight into the field for practical application of concepts.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2023-02-16
Mått250 x 10 x 180 mm
Vikt399 g
FormatHäftad
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor784
Upplaga5
FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781119476085

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Biologi inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Daniel M. Kashian, Professor of Biological Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA. Donald R. Zak, Alexander H. Smith Distinguished University Professor of Ecology; Arthur F. Thurnau Professor, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. Burton V. Barnes (deceased) was an integral part of the authorship of Forest Ecology from its 2nd edition. Stephen H. Spurr (deceased) authored the original Forest Ecology book and subsequent revisions.

Acknowledgments viiIntroduction ix1 An Introduction to Drawing for Interior Design 1Understanding Orthographic Projection Drawings 5Orthographic Projection Drawings for Interior Environments 7Floor Plans 7Interior Elevations 9Sections 16Reflected Ceiling Plans 18Dimensions 19Lettering 21More about Orthographic Projections 222 The Design Process and Related Graphics 29Programming 32Diagrams and Programming Analysis Graphics 34Programming Matrices 40Schematic Design 43Bubble Diagrams 43Blocking Diagrams 43Fit and Stacking Plans 47Conceptual Design 47Mood and Inspiration Boards 49Schematic Presentation Graphics 51Design Development 603 Paraline and Perspective Drawings 63Paraline Drawings 64Plan Oblique Drawings 65Isometric Drawings 67Perspective Drawings 68Perspective Basics 68One-Point Perspective 73Two-Point Perspective 73Three-Point Perspective 74Developing Visual Skills 74Ellipses 74Use of Enclosing Boxes 744 Drawing and Sketching Interior Environments 81Estimated One-Point Interior Perspective Drawings 81Estimated Two-Point Interior Perspective Drawings 87Prepared Perspective Grid Charts 92Two-Point Plan Projection Method 94Using Photographs 97Drawing Composition and Cropping 995 Rendering by Hand 103Rendering as Illumination 104Materials, Media, and Tools 105Rendering Media 106Rendering Orthographic Projection Drawings 107Rendering Simplified Shadows 108Materials and Finishes 109Color Rendering 111Additional Tips for Manual Rendering 125Rendering Perspective Drawings 126Shadows in Perspective Renderings 126Rendering Perspective Drawings without Color 126Rendering Interior Perspectives in Color 132Techniques and Tips for Perspective Rendering 135Hybrid Rendering: Combining Hand and Digital Rendering 1396 SketchUp and Digital Modeling 143Getting Started in SketchUp 144SketchUp Drawing Basics 147Drawing First Steps 147Navigation Basics 149Selection 149More Drawing Basics 152Creating Plan and Section Views 168Exporting Files 169Importing Files 170Working from Imported CAD Files 171Working with REVIT and Other File Types 173Rendering and Materials Selection in SketchUp 1737 Digital Rendering 175Rendering in SketchUp 176SketchUp Extensions 181Rendering with Photoshop 184Getting Started with CAD- or Revit-Generated Drawings 184Rendering Setup 186Rendering Techniques and Options 189Rendering Perspectives in Photoshop 197Revit Rendering 2068 Scale Models: Physical and Digital 209Materials and Tools 210Paperboard 211Wood 215Plastics and Foam 217Additional Tools 217Construction and Use of Models 219Physical Scale Models in Professional Practice 224Digital Fabrication and 3D Printing 228Virtual Reality 2349 Presenting Materials and Finishes 239Materials and Media Used in Making Boards and Physical Presentations 243Organization and Composition 250Sample Presentation Board Organizational Approaches 250Titles, Keys, and Legends 252Tips for Materials Preparation 255Digital Presentation 25910 Making the Complete Presentation 263Process and Presentation 267Organization and Composition 268Physical Presentations 268Digital Presentation 273Beyond the Board and Sheet 284Graphic Design Components 287Grids 287Type 288Creating Hierarchy 291Public Speaking and Design Communication 293Verbal Presentation Basics 296A Few Words from the Experts 298Appendix: Color Theory for Rendering 303Index 305