Focus Construction with kî ʾim in Biblical Hebrew

Grace J. Park is Postdoctoral Researcher at the Freie Universität Berlin.

• AcknowledgmentsAbbreviationsTechnical TermsChapter 1.Introduction1.1. Introduction1.2. Previous Explanations of כי אם1.3. The Focus כי אם Pattern1.3.1. Change in Word Order in Part C1.3.2. Negative Polarity Items (NPIs)1.3.3. Negative Polarity Items in the Focus כי אם Pattern1.4. Problems with Previous Analyses of כי אם as a Unit1.5. Contrastive Focus with a Change in Word Order1.5.1. Different Types of Word Order Change in Biblical Hebrew1.5.2. Change of Word Order in Part C1.5.3. Contrastive Focus1.6. PlanChapter 2.כי in the Focus כי אם Pattern2.1. Introduction2.2. Stand-Alone Nominalization2.2.1 Evans’s Use of Ellipsis2.2.2. Mithun’s Notion of Extension2.2.3. Ellipsis vs. Extension for the Analysis of Biblical Hebrew2.3. Clausal Nominalizations Formed with כי : Sentence Level vs. Discourse Level2.3.1. Contextual Effects at the Sentence Level2.3.2. Assertion as a Contextual Effect at the Discourse Level2.3.3. Interrogative (Rhetorical Question) as a Contextual Effect at the Discourse Level2.3.4. Mirativity as a Contextual Effect at the Discourse Level2.3.5. Contrastive Focus as a Contextual Effect at the Discourse Level2.4. SummaryChapter 3.אם in the Focus כי אם Pattern3.1. Introduction3.2. Antithetic Conditional Protases3.3. Ellipsis in the Pseudo-F ocus כי אם Pattern3.4. Ellipsis after אם in the Focus כי אם Pattern3.5. Ellipsis of אם or כי אם in the Focus כי אם Pattern3.6. SummaryChapter 4.The Full and Reduced Focus כי אם Pattern4.1. Introduction4.2. Parallelism between Part A and Part B + C4.3. Repetition of Verbal Phrases in the Full Focus כי אם Pattern4.3.1. Typical Examples of the Full Focus כי אם Pattern4.3.2. Semantically Equivalent Verbal Phrases in Part A and Part C4.4. The Reduced Focus כי אם Pattern: Ellipsis of the Repeated Verbal Phrase in Part C4.5. Ellipsis in Part A4.5.1. Ellipsis of the Negated Element in Part A4.5.2. Ellipsis of Part A in Its Entirety4.6. Ellipsis and Its Constraints4.6.1. The Focus כי אם Pattern and the Constraint on Coordinate Structures4.6.2. The Focus כי אם Pattern and the Constraint on Forward Ellipsis4.6.3. The Focus כי אם Pattern and the Constraint of the Semantic Relations of Nonelided Constituents4.6.4. The Focus כי אם Pattern and the Constraint on Content Identity4.6.5. The Focus כי אם Pattern and the Constraint on Context Identity4.6.6. The Focus כי אם Pattern and the Constraint on Local Proximity4.7. SummaryChapter 5.Right Dislocation in Part C5.1. Introduction5.2. Right Dislocation in the Full Focus כי אם Pattern5.2.1. Jer 9:22–235.2.2. Jer 7:22–235.2.3. Deut 7:2c–55.2.4. Parenthetical Units and the Focus כי אם Pattern5.3. Right Dislocation in the Reduced Focus כי אם Pattern5.3.1. 2 Sam 13:335.3.2. Jer 16:14–15 and Jer 31:29–305.3.3. Ezek 12:235.3.4. Deut 12:4–75.3.5. 2 Chr 25:7b–8a5.3.6. Isa 65:17–185.3.7. 1 Sam 8:195.4. SummaryChapter 6. Different Ways to Express Negation in Part A6.1. Introduction6.2. Rhetorical Questions Formed with אם6.3. Rhetorical Questions Formed with אם in Oaths6.3.1. Conditional אם Clauses vs. Rhetorical Questions Formed with אם6.3.2. The כּהֹ יעַשֲֶׂה Oath Formula and Right Dislocation6.3.3. The כּהֹ יעַשֲֶׂה Oath Formula as a Parenthetical Unit6.4. Rhetorical Questions Introduced by אם in Part A6.4.1. Ezek 33:11 and Gen 42:156.4.2. Num 14:30–316.5. Rhetorical Questions with Interrogative Pronouns in Part A6.5.1. Deut 10:12–13 and Eccl 5:106.5.2. Isa 42:19a and 2 Chr 2:56.6. Unmarked Rhetorical Question in Part A6.7. Embedded Negation in Part A6.7.1. Deut 12:13–14 and 2 Kgs 10:236.7.2. 2 Kgs 5:15 and Eccl 3:126.8. SummaryChapter 7.The Multiple Focus כי אם Pattern7.1. Introduction7.2. Typical Examples of the Multiple Focus כי אם Pattern7.2.1. Deut 12:13–147.2.2. 2 Kgs 17:35–377.2.3. Deut 12:17–187.2.4. Ps 1:1–27.3. Multiple Focus כי אם Pattern in Reduced Form7.3.1. Resumptive Elements in the Focus כי אם Pattern7.3.2. Lev 21:1b–37.4. Ezek 44:9b–16 as a Multiple Focus כי אם Pattern7.4.1. Previous Readings of Ezek 44:9b–16הֵמּהָ . 7.4.2 in Ezek 44:9b–167.4.3. Redefinition of the Extent of the אשר Clauseיבָוֹא אלֶ־מקִדְָּשׁיִ . 7.4.4 in Part A and Part C7.4.5. Parenthetical Unit: vv. 12–147.5. SummaryChapter 8.The Precondition Focus כי אם Pattern8.1. Introduction8.2. The Full Precondition Focus כי אם Pattern8.3. The Reduced Precondition Focus כי אם Pattern8.3.1. 2 Kgs 4:248.3.2. 2 Kgs 23:98.3.3. Isa 55:10–118.3.4. Isa 59:1–28.4. Rhetorical Precondition Focus כי אם Pattern8.4.1. Judg 15:7 (Full Form)8.4.2. Isa 65:6 (Reduced Form) 8.4.3. Gen 47:18 (Reduced Form) 8.4.4. 2 Sam 5:6 (Reduced Form) 8.5. Summary Chapter 9.The Nonfocus כי אם Pattern9.1. Introduction כי אם . 9.2 with a Conditional Protasis Formed with אםאם . 9.2.1 Clause Repeating the Preceding Passage אם . 9.2.2 Clause that Negates the Preceding Passage אם . 9.2.3 Clause that Neither Repeats Nor Negates the Preceding Passage כי אם . 9.3 with a Concessive אם Clause כי אם . 9.4 with a Temporal אם Clauseכי אם . 9.5 with Rhetorical Questions Formed with אם9.5.1. Rhetorical Questions Beginning with כי אם in Oaths 9.5.2. Rhetorical Questions Beginning with כי אם in Nonoath Contexts 9.6. SummaryChapter 10.Possible Examples of the Focus כי אם Pattern10.1. Introduction 10.2. The Ellipsis of אם in Part B 10.2.1. Some Examples of the לא . . . כי Construction 10.2.2. Rhetorical Questions in Part A 10.3. The Ellipsis of כי אם in Part B 10.4. The Ellipsis of אם in Part B as well as the Entirety of Part A 10.5. SummaryChapter 11.ConclusionAppendix A: The Full Focus כי אם PatternAppendix B: The Reduced Focus כי אם PatternAppendix C: The Nonfocus כי אם PatternBibliographyAncient Sources IndexSubject Index