Flexible Supercapacitors

Guozhen Shen, PhD, is Professor at the Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. His research is focused on flexible and printable electronics.Zheng Lou, PhD, is Assistant Professor at the Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. His research focuses on printable and flexible electronics, like transistors, photodetectors, sensors, and energy storage devices. Di Chen, PhD, is Professor at the University of Science and Technology in Beijing. Her research is focused on the design of nanoscale materials for energy applications.

• Preface1 Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors: Design, Progress and ChallengesDun Lin, Xiyue Zhang, and Xihong Lu1.1 Introduction1.2 Configurations of AFSCs Device1.3 Progress of Flexible AFSCs1.3.1 Sandwich-type AFSCs1.3.2 Fiber-type ASCs1.4 Summary2 Stretchable SupercapacitorsLa Li and Guozhen Shen2.1 Overview of Stretchable Supercapacitors2.2 Fabrication of Stretchable Supercapacitors2.2.1 Structures of Stretchable Fiber-shaped SCs2.2.2 Planar Stretchable SCs2.2.3 3D Stretchable SCs2.3 Multifunctional Supercapacitor2.3.1 Compressible SCs2.3.2 Self-healable SCs2.3.3 Stretchable Integrated System2.3.4 Perspective3 Fiber-shaped SupercapacitorsMengmeng Hu, Qingjiang Liu, Yao Liu, Jiaqi Wang, Jie Liu, Panpan Wang, Hua Wang, and Yan HuangIntroduction3.1 Structure of FSSCs3.2 Electrolyte3.3 Electrode3.3.1 Carbon-based Materials3.3.2 Conducting Polymers3.3.3 Metal-based Materials3.3.4 Mxenes3.3.5 Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)3.3.6 Polyoxometalates (POMs)3.3.7. Black Phosphorus (BP)3.4 Electrode Design of FSSCs3.4.1 Metal-fiber Supported Electrode3.4.2 Carbon Materials Based Fiber Supported Electrode3.5 Functionalized FSSCs3.5.1 Self-healable FSSCs3.5.2 Stretchable FSSCs3.5.3 Electrochromic FSSCs3.5.4 Shape-memory FSSCs3.5.5 Photodetectable FSSCs3.6 Conclusion4 Flexible Fiber-shaped Supercapacitors: Fabrication, Design, and ApplicationsMuhammad S. Javed, Peng Sun, Muhammad Imran, and Wenjie Mai4.1 Introduction to Fiber-shaped Supercapacitors4.2 Emerging Techniques for the Fabrication of Fiber-shaped Electrodes4.2.1 Wet spinning Method4.2.2 Spray/Cast-coating Method4.2.3 Hydrothermal Method4.3 Structures and Design/Configuration of Fiver-shaped Electrodes4.3.1 Parallel-fiber Electrodes4.3.2 Twisted-fiber Electrodes4.3.3 Coaxial-fiber Electrodes4.3.4 Rolled-fiber Electrodes4.4 Materials for Fiber-shaped Supercapacitors4.4.1 Carbon-based Materials for FFSC4.4.2 Metal Oxides and their Composite-based Materials for FFSC4.5 Electrolytes for Fiber-shaped Supercapacitors4.6 Performance evaluation Metrics for Fiber-shaped Supercapacitors4.7 Applications4.8 Conclusion and Future Prospectus5 Flexible Supercapacitors Based on Ternary Metal Oxide (Sulfide, Selenide) NanostructuresQiufan Wang, Daohong Zhang, and Guozhen Shen5.1 Introduction5.1.1 Background of Electrochemical Capacitors5.1.2 Performance Evaluation of SCs5.2 Ternary Metal Oxide5.2.1 1D Ternary Metal Oxide Nanostructural Electrodes5.2.2 2D Ternary Metal Oxide Nanostructural Electrodes5.2.3 3D Ternary Oxide Electrodes5.2.4 Cire-shell Ternary Metal Oxide Composite Electrodes5.3 Metal Sulfide Electrodes5.3.1 1D Metal Sulfide Electrodes5.3.2 2D Metal Sulfide Electrodes5.3.3 3D Metal Sulfide Electrodes5.3.4 Metal Sulfide Composite Electrodes5.4 Metal Selenide Electrodes5.4.1 1D Metal Selenide Electrodes5.4.2 2D Metal Selenide Electrodes5.4.3 3D Metal Selenide Electrodes5.5 Fiber-shaped SCs5.6 Summary and Perspectives6 Transition Metal oxide-based Electrode Materials for SupercapacitorsXiang Wu6.1 Introduction6.2 Co3O4 Electrode Materials6.3 NiO Electrode Materials6.4 Fe2O3 Electrode Materials6.5 MnO2 Electrode Materials6.6 V2O5 Electrode Materials7 Three-Dimensional Nanoarrays for Flexible SupercapacitorsJing Xu7.1 Introduction7.2 Fabrication of 3D Nanoarrays7.2.1 Selection of substrates7.2.2 Synthesis Methods of Flexible 3D Nanoarrays7.3 Typical Structural Engineering of 3D Nanoarrays7.3.1 Basic 3D Nanoarrays for Flexible Supercapacitors7.3.2 Hybrid 3D Nanoarrays for Flexible Supercapacitors7.4 Evaluation of Flexible Supercapacitors7.4.1 Bending Deformation7.4.2 Stretching Deformation7.4.3 Twisting Deformation7.5 Conclusion8 Metal Oxides Nanoarray Electrodes for Flexible SupercapacitorsTing Meng and Cao Guan8.1 Introduction8.2 Synthesis Techniques of Metal Oxide Nanoarrays8.2.1 Solution-based Route8.2.2 Electrodeposition Growth8.2.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition8.3 The Flexible Support Substrate for Loading Nanoarrays8.3.1 3D Porous Graphene Foam8.3.2 Carbon Cloth Current Collectors8.3.3 Metal Conductive Substrates8.4 The Geometry of Nanostructured Arrays8.4.1 The 1D Nanostructured Arrays8.4.2 The 2D Nanostructured Arrays8.4.3 The Integration of 1D@2D Nanoarrays8.5 Conclusions and Prospects9 Printed Flexible SupercapacitorsYizhou Zhang and Wen-Yong Lai9.1 Overview of Printed Flexible Supercapacitor9.2 Devices Structure of Printed SCs9.3 Printable Materials for SCs9.3.1 Carbon-based Materials9.3.2 Electrolytes9.3.3 Flexible substrates9.4 Fabrication of Flexible SCs Using Various Printing Methods9.4.1 Inkjet Printing9.4.2 Screen Printing9.4.3 Transfer Printing9.4.4 3D Printing9.5 Printed Integrated System9.6 Perspective10 Printing Flexible On-chip Micro-SupercapacitorsGuozhen Shen10.1 Introduction10.2 Printable Materials for On-chip MSCs10.2.1 Printable Electrode Materials10.2.2 Printable Current Collector10.2.3 Printable Electrolyte10.3 Printing Techniques10.3.1 Inkjet Printing10.3.2 Spray Printing10.3.3 Screen Printing10.4 Summary11 Recent advances of flexible micro-supercapacitorsZhiqiang Niu11.1 Introduction11.2 General Features of Flexible MSCs11.3 Active Materials of Flexible MSCs11.3.1 Graphene-based Materials11.3.2 CNT-based Materials11.3.3 Other Carbon-based Materials11.3.4 Transition Metal Oxides and Hydroxides11.3.5 MXenes11.3.6 Conductive Polymer11.4 Integration of Flexible MSCs11.4.1 Flexible Self-charging MSCs11.4.2 Flexible Self-powering MSCs11.5 Flexible Smart MSCs11.5.1 Flexible Self-healing MSCs11.5.2 Flexible Electrochromic MSCs11.5.3 Flexible Photodetectable MSCs11.5.4 Flexible Thermoreversible Self-protecting MSCs11.6 Summary and Prospects