First Forts

Eric Klingelhofer, PhD (1985) in History, Johns Hopkins University, is Professor of History at Mercer University. Combining history and archaeology, he has conducted projects in England, Ireland, and the Americas, resulting in more than thirty articles and monographs.

• List of Contributors . . viiList of Illustrations . . . ixPreface . . xiiiIntroduction . . . 1The Aurelian Wall in Rome: Renaissance Fortification in Theory and Practice . . 5David G. OrrStrategies of Adjustment: Spanish Defense of The Circum-Caribbean Colonies, 1493–1600 . . . 17Kathleen DeaganA Survey of French Fortifications in The New World, 1530–1650 . . 41Steven R. PenderyTudor Overseas Fortifications: A Review and Typology . . 65Eric KlingelhoferNansemond Fort and Virginia Palisade Fortifications . . . 85Nicholas M. LucckettiBermuda’s First Forts, 1612–1622 . . 105Edward Cecil Harris‘Within Musquett Shott of Black Rock’ – Johnson’s Fort and The Early Defenses of Nevis, West Indies . . 129Roger LeechDutch Colonial Forts in New Netherland . . 141Paul R. HueyThe ‘Old Netherlands Style’ and Seventeenth-Century Dutch Fortifications of The Caribbean . . 169Jay B. HaviserHigh Versus Low: Portuguese and Dutch Fortification Traditions Meet in Colonial Brazil (1500–1654) . . . 191Oscar F. HeftingEarly Colonial Trade Posts and Forts of West Africa . . 213Christopher R. DecorseDutch Forts of Seventeenth Century Ceylon and Mauritius: An Historical Archaeological Perspective . . 239Ranjith Jayasena and Pieter FlooreBibliography . . . 265Index . . 273