FGM/C in Africa and the Diaspora

LOTTE HUGHES is an independent scholar and Honorary Associate of The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK. MARK LAMONT is Lecturer in International Development at The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK. KATY NEWELL-JONES is a consultant in international development and global education. DAMARIS PARSITAU is Associate Professor of Religion and Gender Studies at Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya and Director of the Nagel Institute for the Study of World Christianity, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, USA. DAMARIS PARSITAU is Associate Professor of Religion and Gender Studies at Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya and Director of the Nagel Institute for the Study of World Christianity, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, USA. KATY NEWELL-JONES is a consultant in international development and global education. LOTTE HUGHES is an independent scholar and Honorary Associate of The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK. MARK LAMONT is Lecturer in International Development at The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.

• INTRODUCTION - Lotte Hughes, Mark Lamont, Katy Newell-Jones, Damaris Parsitau CONTEXT AND WIDER DISCOURSES1. FGM/C in International Agenda(s): An Historical Overview - Marta Patrício2. Challenging the Passe-Partout Words of the FGM/C Discourse as 'Harmful Traditional Practices'. A Critical Anthropological Analysis of Dislocations - Michela Fusaschi 3. Mothers, Boys' Circumcisions, and a New Politics of Bodily Integrity in Kenya - Mark Lamont4. Association between FGM/C and Religion in the African Context - Shannon Thomson and Sean CallaghanLESSONS FROM THE GRASSROOTS5. The Role of Community-Based Research in FGM/C Programming in Somaliland - Amal Ahmad and Katy Newell-Jones6. Tackling FGM/C in Rural Communities in Guinea Conakry: A Case Report from Kankan - Els Leye, Bintou Mady Kaba, Abdoulaye Kaba, Jessica Tatout and Anneke Vercoutere 7. Assessing Strategies for FGM/C Elimination in Sudan: A Proposed Model for Promoting Behaviour Change - Nada Alassad FGM/C IN THE DIASPORA8. Responding to FGC/M in the UK African Diaspora: Prioritising Criminalisation Over Care - Magda Mogilnicka, Natasha Carver, Saffron Karlsen, Christina Pantazis and Hannelore Van Bavel9. On Clitoral Restoration in Survivors' Words - Tobe Levin Freifrau von Gleichen10. Colonial Legacies, Double Standards, and Dilemmas in Defining Female Genital Modifications in Kenya, Egypt, and The Netherlands - Hannelore Van Bavel, Nina Eekert and Samuel KimaniTHE LAW: THE CASE FOR AND AGAINST CRIMINALISATION11. FGM/C is a Crime: An Analysis of the Adoption, Implementation, and Efficacy of Legislation in Addressing FGM/C in Africa - Kirigo Njenga12. Why has Female Circumcision Refused to Die in Kenya? - Tatu KamauALTERNATIVE RITUALS13. Strengths and Weakness of the Community-Led Alternatives Rites of Passage Approach in Kajiado, Kenya - Hilke Conradi, David Kawai, Bernard Mbogo, Samuel Muhula and Eefje Smet.14. What's Culture Got to do with it? Some Problems with the Uses of Culture in Alternative Rites of Passage - Lotte HughesAFTERWORD: Listen, Discuss, and Pitch a Large Tent - Ellen GruenbaumAppendix - Critical Questions for Individual and/or Group StudyBibliographyIndex