Fetal Cardiology

Simcha Yagel MD is Professor and Head of Division, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hadassah University Hospital, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel; Founder and former Chairman of the Israel Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology; and Founding Chairman of the Israel Society for Placenta Research, 2009-2014. Norman H. Silverman MD, DSc, FACC is Professor, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, USA.Ulrich Gembruch MD, PhD is Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bonn, Germany.

• PrefaceList of contributors1. Cardiac morphogenesisAdriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot, Monique R.M. Jongbloed, Marco C. de Ruiter, Margot M. Bartelings, and Robert E. Poelmann2. Cardiac anatomy and examination of specimens Diane E. Spicer3. Placental implantation and development Simcha Yagel and Debra S. Goldman-Wohl4. Placental circulations Eric Jauniaux and Graham J. Burton5. Technical advances in fetal echocardiography Boris Tutschek and David Sahn6. Epidemiology of congenital heart disease: Etiology, pathogenesis, and incidence Julien I.E. Hoffman7. Indications for fetal echocardiography: Screening in low- and high-risk populations Anita J. Moon-Grady, Mary T. Donofrio, Sarah M. Cohen, and Simcha Yagel8. Circulation in the normal fetus and cardiovascular adaptations to birth Abraham M. Rudolph9. Development of fetal cardiac and extracardiac Doppler flows in early gestation Viola Seravalli, Ulrich Gembruch, and Ahmet A. Baschat10. Examination of the normal fetal heart using two-dimensional echocardiography Rabih Chaoui11. The three vessel and tracheal view Julia Solomon12. First and early second trimester fetal heart screening Simcha Yagel, Sarah M. Cohen, Reuven Achiron, Yaron Zalel, and Alfred Abuhamad13. Four-dimensional ultrasound examination of the fetal heart using spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) Luís F. Gonçalves14. Three- and four-dimensional ultrasound in fetal echocardiography: A new look at the fetal heart Simcha Yagel, Sarah M. Cohen, Israel Shapiro, Baruch Messing, and Dan V. Valsky15. Magnetic resonance imaging: Techniques and normal fetal cardiovascular physiology Davide Marini, Sharon Portnoy, and Mike Seed16. Magnetic resonance imaging: Abnormalities of the fetal circulation Davide Marini, Sharon Portnoy, and Mike Seed17. Abnormal visceral and atrial situs and congenital heart disease Varsha Thakur, Edgar T. Jaeggi, and Shi-Joon Yoo18. Cardiac malpositions and syndromes with right or left atrial isomerism Rabih Chaoui19. Pulmonary vein anomalies Anita J. Moon-Grady20. Ebstein malformation and tricuspid valve pathology Lindsay R. Freud, Wayne Tworetzky, and Norman H. Silverman21. Intracardiac shunt malformations Einat Birk and Norman H. Silverman22. Atrioventricular septal defect ("atrioventricular canal") Laurent Fermont and Lucile Houyel23. Double-inlet ventricle Astrid Hellmund and Ulrich Gembruch24. Lesions of the right heart Julene S. Carvalho25. Ventricular outflow tract anomalies ("conotruncal anomalies") Varsha Thakur, Edgar T. Jaeggi, and Shi-Joon Yoo26. Tetralogy of Fallot Michael D. Puchalski27. Double-outlet right ventricle Luke Eckersley and Lisa K. Hornberger28. Truncus arteriosus Shaine A. Morris and Diego A. Lara29. Transposition of the great arteries Silvia G.V. Alvarez and Lisa K. Hornberger30. Left heart malformations Brian S. Snarr, Michael Y. Liu, and Jack Rychik31. Aortic arch anomalies Varsha Thakur, Edgar T. Jaeggi, and Shi-Joon Yoo32. Coarctation of the aorta and interrupted aortic arch Max E. Godfrey and Wayne Tworetzky33. Diseases of the myocardium, endocardium, and pericardium during fetal life and cardiomyopathy in the fetus Simone R.F. Fontes Pedra and Carlos A.C. Pedra34. Ultrasound examination of the fetal coronary circulation Ahmet A. Baschat, Ulrich Gembruch, and Viola Seravalli35. The fetal venous system: Normal embryology, anatomy, and physiology and the development and appearance of anomalies Simcha Yagel, Ori Shen, Sarah M. Cohen, and Dan V. Valsky36. Fetal cardiac tumors Lisa K. Hornberger and Angela McBrien37. The fetal thymus Elena S. Sinkovskaya and Alfred Abuhamad38. Extracardiac Doppler investigation in fetuses with congenital heart disease Annegret Geipel, Ulrich Gembruch, and Christoph Berg39. Electrophysiology for the perinatologist Edgar T. Jaeggi40. Fetal bradycardia Bettina F. Cuneo41. Fetal tachyarrhythmia Ulrich Gembruch42. Cardiac diseases in association with hydrops fetalis Ulrich Gembruch and Wolfgang Holzgreve43. Congestive heart failure in the fetus James C. Huhta44. Twin-twin transfusion syndrome: Impact on the cardiovascular system Jack Rychik45. Fetal interventions for congenital heart disease Lindsay R. Freud, Max E. Godfrey, and Wayne Tworetzky46. Doppler evaluation in fetal growth restriction Javier Caradeux and Francesc Figueras47. Venous flow dynamics: Intrauterine growth restriction and cardiac decompensation Torvid Kiserud48. Evaluation of fetal cardiac function: Techniques and implications Christoph Wohlmuth and Helena M. Gardiner49. Genetics and cardiac anomalies Hagit Shani, Pe’er Dar, and Mark I. Evans50. Cardiac defects in chromosomally abnormal fetuses Ritu Mogra and Jon Hyett51. Associated anomalies in congenital heart disease Christoph Berg, Ulrich Gembruch, and Annegret Geipel52. Chromosome microarray analysis of the fetal heart Karina Seidl Nall53. Congenital cardiovascular malformations and the fetal and neonatal circulation Abraham M. Rudolph54. Intrapartum evaluation of fetal well-being Hagai Amsalem, Yoram Sorokin, and Sean C. Blackwell55. Intrapartum and delivery room management of the fetus with congenital heart disease Mary T. Donofrio and Anita J. Moon-Grady56. The neonate with congenital heart disease: Medical and interventional management Alexander Lowenthal, Ulrike Herberg, and Einat Birk57. Infants with congenital heart disease in the first year of life Andrew J. Parry and Frank L. Hanley58. Neurodevelopment in congenital heart disease: Intrauterine Doppler and fetal and neonatal magnetic resonance imaging Shabnam Peyvandi and Mary T. Donofrio59. Postnatal neurodevelopment in congenital heart disease: Short- and long-term neurodevelopment and interventions Hedwig H. Hövels-Gürich and Christopher G. McCusker60. Genetic counseling in families with congenital heart defects Klaus Zerres and Sabine Rudnik-Schöneborn61. Cardiac disease in pregnancy Sabrina D. Phillips and Frank Cetta62. Maternal diseases and therapies affecting the fetal cardiovascular system Waltraut M. Merz and Ulrich GembruchIndex