Female Enterprise Behind the Discursive Veil in Nineteenth-Century Northern France

Béatrice Craig is Professor of History at the University of Ottawa, Canada. She is the author of Women and Business since 1500: Invisible Presences in Europe and North America? (2015) and co-editor with R. Beachy and A. Owens of Women, Business and Finance in Nineteenth-Century Europe: Rethinking Separate Spheres (2006).

• Introduction: Middle-Class Women and Business in Nineteenth-Century Northern France.- 2. Lille and its Arrondissement in the Nineteenth-Century.- 3. Manufacturers and Merchants in the First Half of the Nineteenth-Century.- 4. Manufacturers and Merchants after 1850.- 5. Separating Spheres?.- 6. Women in Crafts and Retail.- 7. Why a Continuing Joint Sphere?.- 8. Generating Income.- 9. Behind the Discursive Veil.- Conclusion.