Faith and Magic in Early Modern Finland

Raisa Maria Toivo is Academy of Finland Research Fellow at the University of Tampere, Finland. Her publications include Witchcraft and Gender in Early Modern Society (2008) and articles on the early modern history of witchcraft and magic, religion and violence in Finland and Europe.

• 1. Introduction: Magic in a Religious Borderland2. Lived Lutheranism and the Development of Superstition3. Catholic Influence and Magic in Finland4. Eastern Orthodox Influence and its Demonization in Finland5. Conclusion: The Continuum of Magic and ReligionBibliographyChronology

"Toivo (Univ. of Tampere, Finland) is interested in the whole complex of witchcraft, lived religion, and formal churchmanship, constructing a seamless whole to gain the full picture of religious life. ... This specialized study will support collections in religious studies and the history of northern Europe. Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students/faculty." (D. S. Azzolina, Choice, Vol. 54 (3), November, 2016)