Joe Uziel is the head of the Dead Sea Scrolls Unit at the Israel Antiquities Authority.Avi Solomon is an archaeologist and researcher of the Dead Sea Scrolls.Tehillah Lieberman is an archaeologist at the Israel Antiquities Authority.

• PREFACE PART I: INTRODUCTION AND STRATIGRAPHYCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONJoe Uziel, Tehillah Lieberman and Avi SolomonCHAPTER 2 WILSON’S ARCH, THE BURAQ POOL AND THE WESTERN WALL: EXPLORATION AND DOCUMENTATION IN JERUSALEM IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIESShimon GibsonCHAPTER 3 STRATIGRAPHY AND ARCHITECTUREJoe Uziel, Tehillah Lieberman and Avi SolomonINDEX OF LOCI AND WALLS 123CHAPTER 4 THE SUPPLEMENTARY EXCAVATIONS, 2019–2020Barak Monnickendam-Givon, Yasmin Szanto, and Tehillah LiebermanINDEX OF LOCI PART II: THE FINDSCHAPTER 5 THE NUMISMATIC FINDSGabriela BijovskyCHAPTER 6 THE GLASS FINDSTamar WinterCHAPTER 7 THE METAL FINDSBaruch YuzefovskyCHAPTER 8 SMALL FINDSTehillah Lieberman and Joe UzielCHAPTER 9 IN GODS WE TRUST: A ZEUS-SERAPIS INTAGLIORikki Zalut Har-Tuv and Guy D. StiebelCHAPTER 10 GAMING DICETehillah LiebermanCHAPTER 11 REMNANTS OF THEATER SEAT PLATES AND OTHER ARCHITECTURAL FRAGMENTSRonny ReichCHAPTER 12 STONE PROJECTILESKfir ArbivCHAPTER 13 RADIOCARBON DATING ANDMICROARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSISJohanna Regev and Elisabetta BoarettoCHAPTER 14 SEALS AND SEALINGSNoa RanzerCHAPTER 15 A HEBREW INSCRIPTION ENGRAVED ON A HANDLE AND TWO BULLAEDaniel VainstubCHAPTER 16 A UNIQUE ICONOGRAPHIC BULLADaniel VainstubPART III: FLORA AND FAUNACHAPTER 17 ANIMAL REMAINS FROM LATE ROMAN STRATALee Perry GalCHAPTER 18 THE LATE ROMAN ARCHAEOBOTANICAL REMAINS:THE FOOD, FUEL AND FUMES OF AELIA CAPITOLINASuembikya Frumin and Ehud WeissCHAPTER 19 DENDROARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS:CHARCOAL REMAINSMark Cavanagh and Dafna LanggutPART IV: CONSERVATIONCHAPTER 20 FROM ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATION TO VISITORʼSCENTER: PRESENTING WILSON’S ARCH AND THEWESTERN WALL TUNNELS TO THE GENERAL PUBLICShachar PuniCHAPTER 21 CONSERVATION OF THE REMAINS BENEATHWILSON’S ARCHYossi VakninPART V: SUMMARY AND SYNTHESISCHAPTER 22 THE REMAINS BENEATH WILSON’S ARCHJoe Uziel and Tehilla Lieberman

“This report on recent excavations beneath Wilson’s Arch, which was part of a monumental bridge that provided access to Jerusalem’s Temple Mount, sheds important new light on the development of ancient Jerusalem, particularly in the Herodian and Late Roman periods.”—Jodi Magness, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Joe Uziel is the head of the Dead Sea Scrolls Unit at the Israel Antiquities Authority.Avi Solomon is an archaeologist and researcher of the Dead Sea Scrolls.Tehillah Lieberman is an archaeologist at the Israel Antiquities Authority.

• PREFACE PART I: INTRODUCTION AND STRATIGRAPHYCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONJoe Uziel, Tehillah Lieberman and Avi SolomonCHAPTER 2 WILSON’S ARCH, THE BURAQ POOL AND THE WESTERN WALL: EXPLORATION AND DOCUMENTATION IN JERUSALEM IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIESShimon GibsonCHAPTER 3 STRATIGRAPHY AND ARCHITECTUREJoe Uziel, Tehillah Lieberman and Avi SolomonINDEX OF LOCI AND WALLS 123CHAPTER 4 THE SUPPLEMENTARY EXCAVATIONS, 2019–2020Barak Monnickendam-Givon, Yasmin Szanto, and Tehillah LiebermanINDEX OF LOCI PART II: THE FINDSCHAPTER 5 THE NUMISMATIC FINDSGabriela BijovskyCHAPTER 6 THE GLASS FINDSTamar WinterCHAPTER 7 THE METAL FINDSBaruch YuzefovskyCHAPTER 8 SMALL FINDSTehillah Lieberman and Joe UzielCHAPTER 9 IN GODS WE TRUST: A ZEUS-SERAPIS INTAGLIORikki Zalut Har-Tuv and Guy D. StiebelCHAPTER 10 GAMING DICETehillah LiebermanCHAPTER 11 REMNANTS OF THEATER SEAT PLATES AND OTHER ARCHITECTURAL FRAGMENTSRonny ReichCHAPTER 12 STONE PROJECTILESKfir ArbivCHAPTER 13 RADIOCARBON DATING ANDMICROARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSISJohanna Regev and Elisabetta BoarettoCHAPTER 14 SEALS AND SEALINGSNoa RanzerCHAPTER 15 A HEBREW INSCRIPTION ENGRAVED ON A HANDLE AND TWO BULLAEDaniel VainstubCHAPTER 16 A UNIQUE ICONOGRAPHIC BULLADaniel VainstubPART III: FLORA AND FAUNACHAPTER 17 ANIMAL REMAINS FROM LATE ROMAN STRATALee Perry GalCHAPTER 18 THE LATE ROMAN ARCHAEOBOTANICAL REMAINS:THE FOOD, FUEL AND FUMES OF AELIA CAPITOLINASuembikya Frumin and Ehud WeissCHAPTER 19 DENDROARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS:CHARCOAL REMAINSMark Cavanagh and Dafna LanggutPART IV: CONSERVATIONCHAPTER 20 FROM ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATION TO VISITORʼSCENTER: PRESENTING WILSON’S ARCH AND THEWESTERN WALL TUNNELS TO THE GENERAL PUBLICShachar PuniCHAPTER 21 CONSERVATION OF THE REMAINS BENEATHWILSON’S ARCHYossi VakninPART V: SUMMARY AND SYNTHESISCHAPTER 22 THE REMAINS BENEATH WILSON’S ARCHJoe Uziel and Tehilla Lieberman

“This report on recent excavations beneath Wilson’s Arch, which was part of a monumental bridge that provided access to Jerusalem’s Temple Mount, sheds important new light on the development of ancient Jerusalem, particularly in the Herodian and Late Roman periods.”—Jodi Magness, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Joe Uziel is the head of the Dead Sea Scrolls Unit at the Israel Antiquities Authority.Avi Solomon is an archaeologist and researcher of the Dead Sea Scrolls.Tehillah Lieberman is an archaeologist at the Israel Antiquities Authority.

• PREFACE PART I: INTRODUCTION AND STRATIGRAPHYCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONJoe Uziel, Tehillah Lieberman and Avi SolomonCHAPTER 2 WILSON’S ARCH, THE BURAQ POOL AND THE WESTERN WALL: EXPLORATION AND DOCUMENTATION IN JERUSALEM IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIESShimon GibsonCHAPTER 3 STRATIGRAPHY AND ARCHITECTUREJoe Uziel, Tehillah Lieberman and Avi SolomonINDEX OF LOCI AND WALLS 123CHAPTER 4 THE SUPPLEMENTARY EXCAVATIONS, 2019–2020Barak Monnickendam-Givon, Yasmin Szanto, and Tehillah LiebermanINDEX OF LOCI PART II: THE FINDSCHAPTER 5 THE NUMISMATIC FINDSGabriela BijovskyCHAPTER 6 THE GLASS FINDSTamar WinterCHAPTER 7 THE METAL FINDSBaruch YuzefovskyCHAPTER 8 SMALL FINDSTehillah Lieberman and Joe UzielCHAPTER 9 IN GODS WE TRUST: A ZEUS-SERAPIS INTAGLIORikki Zalut Har-Tuv and Guy D. StiebelCHAPTER 10 GAMING DICETehillah LiebermanCHAPTER 11 REMNANTS OF THEATER SEAT PLATES AND OTHER ARCHITECTURAL FRAGMENTSRonny ReichCHAPTER 12 STONE PROJECTILESKfir ArbivCHAPTER 13 RADIOCARBON DATING ANDMICROARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSISJohanna Regev and Elisabetta BoarettoCHAPTER 14 SEALS AND SEALINGSNoa RanzerCHAPTER 15 A HEBREW INSCRIPTION ENGRAVED ON A HANDLE AND TWO BULLAEDaniel VainstubCHAPTER 16 A UNIQUE ICONOGRAPHIC BULLADaniel VainstubPART III: FLORA AND FAUNACHAPTER 17 ANIMAL REMAINS FROM LATE ROMAN STRATALee Perry GalCHAPTER 18 THE LATE ROMAN ARCHAEOBOTANICAL REMAINS:THE FOOD, FUEL AND FUMES OF AELIA CAPITOLINASuembikya Frumin and Ehud WeissCHAPTER 19 DENDROARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS:CHARCOAL REMAINSMark Cavanagh and Dafna LanggutPART IV: CONSERVATIONCHAPTER 20 FROM ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATION TO VISITORʼSCENTER: PRESENTING WILSON’S ARCH AND THEWESTERN WALL TUNNELS TO THE GENERAL PUBLICShachar PuniCHAPTER 21 CONSERVATION OF THE REMAINS BENEATHWILSON’S ARCHYossi VakninPART V: SUMMARY AND SYNTHESISCHAPTER 22 THE REMAINS BENEATH WILSON’S ARCHJoe Uziel and Tehilla Lieberman

“This report on recent excavations beneath Wilson’s Arch, which was part of a monumental bridge that provided access to Jerusalem’s Temple Mount, sheds important new light on the development of ancient Jerusalem, particularly in the Herodian and Late Roman periods.”—Jodi Magness, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill