Evaluating Evidence of Mechanisms in Medicine

Principles and Procedures

Häftad, Engelska, 2018

Av Veli-Pekka Parkkinen, Christian Wallmann, Michael Wilde, Brendan Clarke, Phyllis Illari, Michael P Kelly, Charles Norell, Federica Russo, Beth Shaw, Jon Williamson

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In addition, it develops procedures for seeking evidence of mechanisms, for evaluating evidence of mechanisms, and for combining this evaluation with evidence of association in order to yield an overall assessment of effectiveness.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2018-07-24
Mått155 x 235 x 8 mm
Vikt248 g
FormatHäftad
SpråkEngelska
SerieSpringerBriefs in Philosophy
Antal sidor125
FörlagSpringer International Publishing AG
ISBN9783319946092

Tillhör följande kategorier

Filosofiska discipliner inom Filosofi och religion
Medicinsk etik och läkaretik inom Medicin
Filosofi inom Filosofi och religion

The authors of this book are members of EBM+ (ebmplus.org), a network of researchers investigating the role of evidence of mechanisms in the health sciences. During the writing of this book, Parkkinen, Wallmann, Wilde and Williamson were based at the Centre for Reasoning, University of Kent; Clarke, Illari and Norell at the Department of Science and Technology Studies, UCL; Kelly at the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; Russo at the Department of Philosophy, University of Amsterdam; and Shaw at the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence, UK. This research way supported by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council and the Leverhulme Trust.

1 Introduction.- 1.1 What is a mechanism?.- 1.2 Where does evidence of a mechanism come from?.- 1.3 Why consider evidence of mechanisms?.- 1.3.1 Evaluating efficacy.- 1.3.2 Evaluating external validity.- 1.3.3 Other questions.- 1.3.4 Importance of considering evidence of mechanisms.- 2 How to consider evidence of mechanisms: a summary.- 2.1 Questions to address.- 2.2 Quality level of evidence and status of claim.- 2.3 Identifying evidence of mechanisms in the literature.- 2.4 Evaluating evidence of mechanisms.- 2.5 Using evidence of mechanisms to evaluate causal claims.- 2.6 Overall approach.- 3 Identifying evidence of mechanisms in the literature.- 3.1 Hypothesize a mechanism.- 3.2 Search the literature.- 3.3 Identify the evidence most relevant to the mechanism hypothesis.- 3.4 Presenting the evidence of mechanisms.- 4 Evaluating evidence of mechanisms.- 4.1 Considerations for evaluating evidence of mechanism.- 4.2 Presenting quality of evidence of mechanisms.- 5 Using evidence of mechanisms to evaluate efficacy and external validity.- 5.1 Efficacy.- 5.2 External validity.- 6 Glossary.- 7 References.- 8 Acknowledgements.- 9 Appendix A. A critical appraisal tool for evidence of mechanisms.- 10 Appendix B. GRADE tables with mechanism assessment.- 11 Appendix C: Databases for evidence of mechanisms.- 12 Appendix D: Assessing exposures.- 12.1 Example: carcinogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene.- 12.2 Comparison to IARC.- 12.3 Molecular epidemiology.- 12.4 Comparison to SYRINA.