Europe in the High Middle Ages

John H. Mundy

• List of maps xAbbreviations xiPreface xiii1 Introduction 1The subject matter, p. 1 – History, biography and poetry,pp. 6–10PART ONE: EUROPE2 Social frontiers: clerks and laymen 13The two peoples, p. 13 – Letters, professions and laicism,pp. 18–243 Cultural frontiers: France, Italy and Europe 25France, p. 25 – Italy, p. 31 – Europe, pp. 34–364 Crusades and missions 37Crusades and European expansion, p. 37 – Missions andtoleration, p. 45 – War and missions, pp. 48–505 The Jews 51Divisions and education, p. 51 – Government and economy,p. 54 – Conversion and persecution, pp. 60–66PART TWO: ECONOMY6 Foundation and growth 69The land, p. 69 – The town, p. 73 – Industry and commerce,p. 77 – Planning, building and living standards, pp. 80–897 Organization 90Rural enterprise, p. 90 – Commerce, p. 97 – Business, credit andindustry, pp. 101–1088 Usury and corporatism 109The prohibition of usury, p. 109 – Economic corporatism,pp. 118–125PART THREE: SOCIETY9 Women and men 129Marriage and love, p. 129 – Means, literacy and religion,pp. 135–14210 Workers and farmers 143Farmers, p. 143 – Townsfolk, pp. 152–15911 Nobles and the military 160The military, p. 160 – Knighthood, p. 165 – Chivalry and war,pp. 170–17612 Ecclesiastics 177Clerical types, p. 177 – Clerical freedom, p. 182 – Clericalrivalries, p. 187 – Clerks and layfolk, pp. 190–195PART FOUR: GOVERNMENT13 The Church 199Power and Crusade, p. 199 – Popes and princes, p. 203 – Localchurches, p. 207 – Church government, pp. 212–21714 The greater monarchies 218The Empire, p. 218 – England, p. 222 – France, pp. 227–23315 Princes, senates and assemblies 234Popes, cardinals and councils, p. 234 – Secular princes andparliaments, pp. 237–24416 Princes, villages and towns 245Communities and defence, p. 245 – Village and town,p. 246 – Town and city, pp. 250–25417 Republics 255Republican thought, p. 255 – The ‘people’, p. 262 – Princes andoligarchs, pp. 267–272Europe in the High Middle Ages18 Government and law 273Scribes and chanceries, p. 273 – Laws, p. 277 – Lawyers andjudges, pp. 281–287PART FIVE: THOUGHT19 Intellectuals 291Schools and universities, p. 291 – Learning and freedom,pp. 296–30220 Reason and religion 303History and progress, p. 303 – Science and determinism, p. 309– Nature and freedom, p. 312 – Deity and certitude, pp. 317–32121 Enthusiasm and heresy 322Doubt and heresy, p. 322 – Divergent belief, p. 328 – The idealworld, pp. 333–33622 Repression 337Divergence and society, p. 337 – Urban or rural?, p. 342 – Forceand repression, pp. 344–352PART SIX: 130023 Church, state and society 355Lay and papal authority, p. 355 – Ecclesiastical divisions,p. 358 – Lay pressures, pp. 365–37024 Unam sanctam 371Polemics, p. 371 – Conclusions, pp. 380–382Bibliography 383Maps 395Index