Frances Trix is Professor Emerita of Anthropology at Indiana University and Distinguished Senior Scholar at the Center for the Study of the Middle East. She has been the recipient of a number of distinguished grants and was a Fulbright Research Fellow in Istanbul, a Woodrow Wilson Fellow at the Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C and received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Albanian American National Association. In the winter of 2015–16, she spent time working in refugee transit camps on the Macedonian border and is the author of numerous books, including Urban Muslim Migrants in Istanbul (2016) with I.B.Tauris.

• List of IllustrationsAcknowledgementsPrologueIntroductionFocusResearcher Quandaries and StratagemsImportant InfluencesStyleOrganization1. What Affects Attitudes Toward RefugeesNational LeadershipEarlier Refugees in EuropePostwar Refugees: Expulsions, Escapees, to “Ethnic Cleansing”Postwar ImmigrantsAnti-Immigrant Violence to Pro-Immigrant ConsensusThe “Alternative for Germany:” Pegida and AfDForgotten Connections of Germany and IslamReflection on Attitudes Toward RefugeesPART I. Entry to Europe through Macedonia – Transit of Refugees2. NGOs and Local ResponsesMacedonia and RefugeesJasmin Redjepi’s Response: Establish an NGO with FriendsLence Zdravkin’s Response: Feed Those Who Pass By3. Refugee Transit CampsTabanovce on the Northern BorderGevgelija on the Southern BorderReflection on Refugee Transit CampsPART II. Inside Germany – Accommodation of Refugees4. Responses of VillagesThe First Village and First RefugeeThe Second Village of Elzach: Whose People Made Wise DecisionsThe Third Village: Whose People Worked Yet Missed the Mark5. Responses of Towns and Smaller CitiesBruchsal: A Town with Dedicated Volunteers and LeadersBamberg: A University Town Where Research Did Not WorkNürnberg: A Central City of Immigrants and RefugeesSchwäbisch Gmünd: A Town of Integrated Civic Engagement6. Responses of Large CitiesMunich: The Rule-Tight CityCologne: Toleration and Organization Spread across the RhineHamburg: The Northern City of Visionary Programs7. Toward IntegrationMajor Issues in Integration: Access to the Labor MarketMajor Issues in Integration: EducationMajor Issues in Integration: Urban PlanningMajor Issues in Integration: Social CohesionConclusionPositive Initiatives and Strategies for SuccessEmphasis on Leadership at the Local LevelPurpose RexaminedNotesBibliographyIndex

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