Julian Bernauer is Postdoctoral Researcher and Lecturer at the University of Bern, Switzerland. He is interested in political representation, empirical patterns of democracy and quantitative methodology. His work has been published in Comparative Political Studies, the European Journal of Political Research and Electoral Studies.

• List of Figures List of Tables Acknowledgements 1. Ethnic Minority Representation 1.1. Identity and Representation 1.2. Actual Representation 1.3. Partisan-Descriptive Representation 1.4. A Guide to the Book2. Ethnic Representation as Politics2.1. Ethnic Entrepreneurs 2.2. Explaining Partisan-Descriptive Representation 2.3. Consequences of Partisan-Descriptive Representation 3. Explaining Representation3.1. Studying the Emergence of Ethnic Parties 3.2. Electoral Entry and Success 3.3. The Emergence of Ethnic Parties 3.4. Explaining Descriptive Representation 4. Ethnic Representation and Regime Support 4.1. Studying Regime Support 4.2. Patterns of Regime Support 4.3. Representation and Regime Support 5. Ethnic Representation and Conflict 5.1. Studying Conflict 5.2. Patterns of Protest 5.3. Quality of Representation and Protest 6. Partisan-Descriptive Representation in Perspective Appendix A – Data Sources Appendix B – Election Sources and Minority Parties Appendix C – Ethnic Groups Appendix D – Descriptives for Chapter 3 Appendix E – Descriptives for Chapter 4 Appendix F – The Hierarchical Selection Model Appendix G – A Bayesian Multilevel Model Appendix H – Causal considerations Appendix I – Votes into Seats Endnotes Bibliography Index