Hiroyuki Hino is Economic Adviser to the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kenya. John Lonsdale is Fellow of Trinity College and Professor Emeritus of Modern African History at the University of Cambridge. Gustav Ranis is Frank Altschul Professor Emeritus of International Economics at Yale University. Frances Stewart is Professor Emeritus of Development Economics at the University of Oxford.

• List of figures; List of tables; Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgements; Notes on the contributors; Introduction; Findings of development economics and their limitations Gustav Ranis; Part I. De-mystifying Ethnicity: 1. Ethnic patriotism and markets in African history John Lonsdale; 2. The concept of ethnicity: strengths and limitations for quantitative analysis Graham Brown and Arnim Langer; 3. Essence of ethnicity: an African perspective Bethwell Allan Ogot; Part II. Does Ethnic Diversity Hinder Economic Development?: 4. State, ethnicity and economy in Africa Yash Pal Ghai; 5. Ethnic politics, economic reform and democratisation in Africa Bruce J. Berman; 6. Evidence from spatial correlation of poverty and income in Kenya Nobuaki Hamaguchi; Part III. Relationships between Ethnicity and Stability: 7. Belonging, exclusion and ethnic competition Parker Shipton; 8. Horizontal inequalities and market instability in Africa Graham Brown and Frances Stewart; 9. Impact of ethnicities on market outcome: results of market experiments in Kenya Ken-Ichi Shimomura and Takehiko Yamato; Conclusion: key findings of our interdisciplinary dialogue Hiroyuki Hino; Author index; Subject index.