C.N.R. Rao, D.Sc., Ph.D,is the National Research Professor and Linus Pauling Research Professor at the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research and Honorary Professor at the Indian Institute of Science, at Bangalore, India. He is a fellow of the Royal Society, London, a foreign associate of the US National Academy of Sciences and a member of many other science academies. He is the recipient of the Einstein Gold Medal of UNESCO, the Hughes and Royal Medals of the Royal Society, the August Wilhelm von Hofmann medal of the German Chemical Society, the Dan David Prize and the Illy Trieste Science prize for materials research and the first India Science Prize.Kanishka Biswas, Ph.D, is Ramanujan Fellow in the New Chemistry Unit of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India. He is an Associate of Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore. He is pursuing research in solid state chemistry of metal chalcogenides and thermoelectric "waste heat to electrical energy conversion".

• Author Biographies viiPreface ix1 Introduction 12 Common Reactions Employed in Synthesis 72.1 Soft-Chemistry Routes, 123 Ceramic Methods 174 Decomposition of Precursor Compounds 235 Combustion Synthesis 336 Arc and Skull Methods 377 Reactions at High Pressures 418 Mechanochemical and Sonochemical Methods 478.1 Mechanochemistry, 478.2 Sonochemistry, 509 Use of Microwaves 5310 Soft Chemistry Routes 5710.1 Topochemical Reactions, 5710.2 Intercalation Chemistry, 6410.3 Ion Exchange Reactions, 7310.4 Use of Fluxes, 7810.5 Sol–Gel Synthesis, 8110.6 Electrochemical Methods, 8610.7 Hydrothermal, Solvothermal and Ionothermal Synthesis, 9011 Nebulized Spray Pyrolysis 9712 Chemical Vapour Deposition and Atomic Layer Deposition 10313 Nanomaterials 10713.1 Nanoparticles, 10713.2 Core–Shell Nanocrystals, 11613.3 Nanowires, 11913.4 Inorganic Nanotubes, 13313.5 Graphene-like Structures of Layered Inorganic Materials, 13714 Materials 15114.1 Metal Borides, Carbides and Nitrides, 15114.2 Metal Chalcogenides, 15714.3 Metal Halides, 16214.4 Metal Silicides and Phosphides, 16714.5 Intergrowth Structures and Misfit Compounds, 17114.5.1 Intergrowth structures, 17114.5.2 Misfit Compounds, 17714.6 Intermetallic Compounds, 17814.7 Superconducting Compounds, 18214.8 Porous Materials, 19114.8.1 Mesoporous Silica Materials, 19114.8.2 Aluminophosphates, 19414.8.3 Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), 196Index 201

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C.N.R. Rao, D.Sc., Ph.D,is the National Research Professor and Linus Pauling Research Professor at the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research and Honorary Professor at the Indian Institute of Science, at Bangalore, India. He is a fellow of the Royal Society, London, a foreign associate of the US National Academy of Sciences and a member of many other science academies. He is the recipient of the Einstein Gold Medal of UNESCO, the Hughes and Royal Medals of the Royal Society, the August Wilhelm von Hofmann medal of the German Chemical Society, the Dan David Prize and the Illy Trieste Science prize for materials research and the first India Science Prize.Kanishka Biswas, Ph.D, is Ramanujan Fellow in the New Chemistry Unit of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India. He is an Associate of Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore. He is pursuing research in solid state chemistry of metal chalcogenides and thermoelectric "waste heat to electrical energy conversion".

• Author Biographies viiPreface ix1 Introduction 12 Common Reactions Employed in Synthesis 72.1 Soft-Chemistry Routes, 123 Ceramic Methods 174 Decomposition of Precursor Compounds 235 Combustion Synthesis 336 Arc and Skull Methods 377 Reactions at High Pressures 418 Mechanochemical and Sonochemical Methods 478.1 Mechanochemistry, 478.2 Sonochemistry, 509 Use of Microwaves 5310 Soft Chemistry Routes 5710.1 Topochemical Reactions, 5710.2 Intercalation Chemistry, 6410.3 Ion Exchange Reactions, 7310.4 Use of Fluxes, 7810.5 Sol–Gel Synthesis, 8110.6 Electrochemical Methods, 8610.7 Hydrothermal, Solvothermal and Ionothermal Synthesis, 9011 Nebulized Spray Pyrolysis 9712 Chemical Vapour Deposition and Atomic Layer Deposition 10313 Nanomaterials 10713.1 Nanoparticles, 10713.2 Core–Shell Nanocrystals, 11613.3 Nanowires, 11913.4 Inorganic Nanotubes, 13313.5 Graphene-like Structures of Layered Inorganic Materials, 13714 Materials 15114.1 Metal Borides, Carbides and Nitrides, 15114.2 Metal Chalcogenides, 15714.3 Metal Halides, 16214.4 Metal Silicides and Phosphides, 16714.5 Intergrowth Structures and Misfit Compounds, 17114.5.1 Intergrowth structures, 17114.5.2 Misfit Compounds, 17714.6 Intermetallic Compounds, 17814.7 Superconducting Compounds, 18214.8 Porous Materials, 19114.8.1 Mesoporous Silica Materials, 19114.8.2 Aluminophosphates, 19414.8.3 Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), 196Index 201

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C.N.R. Rao, D.Sc., Ph.D,is the National Research Professor and Linus Pauling Research Professor at the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research and Honorary Professor at the Indian Institute of Science, at Bangalore, India. He is a fellow of the Royal Society, London, a foreign associate of the US National Academy of Sciences and a member of many other science academies. He is the recipient of the Einstein Gold Medal of UNESCO, the Hughes and Royal Medals of the Royal Society, the August Wilhelm von Hofmann medal of the German Chemical Society, the Dan David Prize and the Illy Trieste Science prize for materials research and the first India Science Prize.Kanishka Biswas, Ph.D, is Ramanujan Fellow in the New Chemistry Unit of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India. He is an Associate of Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore. He is pursuing research in solid state chemistry of metal chalcogenides and thermoelectric "waste heat to electrical energy conversion".

• Author Biographies viiPreface ix1 Introduction 12 Common Reactions Employed in Synthesis 72.1 Soft-Chemistry Routes, 123 Ceramic Methods 174 Decomposition of Precursor Compounds 235 Combustion Synthesis 336 Arc and Skull Methods 377 Reactions at High Pressures 418 Mechanochemical and Sonochemical Methods 478.1 Mechanochemistry, 478.2 Sonochemistry, 509 Use of Microwaves 5310 Soft Chemistry Routes 5710.1 Topochemical Reactions, 5710.2 Intercalation Chemistry, 6410.3 Ion Exchange Reactions, 7310.4 Use of Fluxes, 7810.5 Sol–Gel Synthesis, 8110.6 Electrochemical Methods, 8610.7 Hydrothermal, Solvothermal and Ionothermal Synthesis, 9011 Nebulized Spray Pyrolysis 9712 Chemical Vapour Deposition and Atomic Layer Deposition 10313 Nanomaterials 10713.1 Nanoparticles, 10713.2 Core–Shell Nanocrystals, 11613.3 Nanowires, 11913.4 Inorganic Nanotubes, 13313.5 Graphene-like Structures of Layered Inorganic Materials, 13714 Materials 15114.1 Metal Borides, Carbides and Nitrides, 15114.2 Metal Chalcogenides, 15714.3 Metal Halides, 16214.4 Metal Silicides and Phosphides, 16714.5 Intergrowth Structures and Misfit Compounds, 17114.5.1 Intergrowth structures, 17114.5.2 Misfit Compounds, 17714.6 Intermetallic Compounds, 17814.7 Superconducting Compounds, 18214.8 Porous Materials, 19114.8.1 Mesoporous Silica Materials, 19114.8.2 Aluminophosphates, 19414.8.3 Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), 196Index 201

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