CELINE A. SAULNIER, PHD, and CHERYL KLAIMAN, PHD, are Associate Professors in the Department of Pediatrics at the Emory University School of Medicine & Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta.

• Series Preface xvAcknowledgments xviiOne Introduction and History of Adaptive Behavior 1Introduction 1The Birth of Adaptive Behavior 1Adaptive Behavior in the Definition of Intellectual Disability 5Principles of Adaptive Behavior 9Summary 13Test Yourself 14Two Methods of Assessing Adaptive Behavior 17Types of Measures 19Interviews 20Unstructured Interviews 20Semi-Structured and Structured Interviews 21Direct Observation 21Checklists and Rating Scales 21Self-Administered 22Other-Administered 22Purpose of Measure 24Psychometric Properties 25Floor and Ceiling Effects 25Item Density 26Reliability 26Validity 27Adequacy of Normative Samples 28Sociocultural Biases 29Choosing a Measure 30Summary 30Test Yourself 31Three Standardized Measures of Adaptive Behavior 33Vineland Social Maturity Scale 33AAMD/AAMR/AAIDD Adaptive Behavior Scales 35Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS) 36Adaptive Behavior Scale, Public School Version (ABS-PSV) 36Adaptive Behavior Scale, School Edition, and AAMR Adaptive Behavior Scale–School:2 (ABS-S:2) 37Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS) 38Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales 40Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (Vineland ABS) 40Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (Vineland-II) 42Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition (Vineland-3) 43Adaptive Behavior Assessment System 46Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS) 47Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Second Edition (ABAS-II) 47Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Third Edition (ABAS-3) 49Scales of Independent Behavior–Revised (SIB-R) 50Adaptive Behavior Evaluation Scale, Third Edition (ABES-3) 51Developmental Assessments with Adaptive Behavior Sections 52Battelle Developmental Inventory, Second Edition, Normative Update (BDI-2) 53Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) 53Summary 53Test Yourself 55Four Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Intellectual Disability and Genetic Disorders 57Eligibility Versus Diagnosis 58Adaptive Behavior Profiles by Level of Cognition in ID 60Comorbidities with ID 61Incidence and Prevalence of ID 62Etiologies of ID 64Genetic Causes of ID 65Idiopathic and Biomedical Causes of ID 75Summary 76Test Yourself 77Five Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorder 79Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Levels of Cognition 80Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Age 82Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Autism Symptomatology 84Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Sensory Behaviors 85Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Sex 86Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Toddlers and Preschool-Age Children with ASD 87The Impact of Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status on Adaptive Behavior in ASD 89Summary 91Test Yourself 91Six Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders 93Learning Disabilities 93Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 94Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) 96Movement and Motor Disorders 97Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) 97Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) 98Cerebral Palsy 98Tourette’s Syndrome 98Epilepsy 99Hearing Impairments 100Visual Impairments 101Speech, Language, and Communication Disorders 102Summary 103Test Yourself 104Seven Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Adults with Neurodevelopmental Disorders 107Adaptive Profiles in Adults with Intellectual Disability 108Adaptive Profiles in Adults with Genetic Disorders 110Down Syndrome 110Fragile X Syndrome 111Williams Syndrome 112Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder 112Adults with Language Impairments 115Assessment for Intellectual Disability in Prisoners 116The Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Residential and Vocational Success 119Summary 121Test Yourself 121Eight The Role of Adaptive Behavior in Treatment and Intervention 123Factors to Consider in Developing an Intervention Plan 124Identifying Adaptive Behaviors to Target in Intervention 126Evidenced-Based Practices for Treating Adaptive Behavior 130Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) 130Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBIs) 133Social Communication Approaches 134Commercial Products 136Summary 137Test Yourself 138Nine Case Samples 141Case Sample 1: Individual with Intellectual Disability 141Results 142Sample Recommendations for Treatment of Adaptive Behavior 144Case Sample 2: Individual with Autism Spectrum Disorder 145Results 145Sample Recommendations for ASD Educational Programming and Adaptive Behavior 148Case Sample 3: Individual with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 149Results 149Sample Recommendations for Treatment of Adaptive Behavior 153Summary 154References 157About the Authors 183Index 185

CELINE A. SAULNIER, PHD, and CHERYL KLAIMAN, PHD, are Associate Professors in the Department of Pediatrics at the Emory University School of Medicine & Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta.

• Series Preface xvAcknowledgments xviiOne Introduction and History of Adaptive Behavior 1Introduction 1The Birth of Adaptive Behavior 1Adaptive Behavior in the Definition of Intellectual Disability 5Principles of Adaptive Behavior 9Summary 13Test Yourself 14Two Methods of Assessing Adaptive Behavior 17Types of Measures 19Interviews 20Unstructured Interviews 20Semi-Structured and Structured Interviews 21Direct Observation 21Checklists and Rating Scales 21Self-Administered 22Other-Administered 22Purpose of Measure 24Psychometric Properties 25Floor and Ceiling Effects 25Item Density 26Reliability 26Validity 27Adequacy of Normative Samples 28Sociocultural Biases 29Choosing a Measure 30Summary 30Test Yourself 31Three Standardized Measures of Adaptive Behavior 33Vineland Social Maturity Scale 33AAMD/AAMR/AAIDD Adaptive Behavior Scales 35Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS) 36Adaptive Behavior Scale, Public School Version (ABS-PSV) 36Adaptive Behavior Scale, School Edition, and AAMR Adaptive Behavior Scale–School:2 (ABS-S:2) 37Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS) 38Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales 40Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (Vineland ABS) 40Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (Vineland-II) 42Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition (Vineland-3) 43Adaptive Behavior Assessment System 46Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS) 47Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Second Edition (ABAS-II) 47Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Third Edition (ABAS-3) 49Scales of Independent Behavior–Revised (SIB-R) 50Adaptive Behavior Evaluation Scale, Third Edition (ABES-3) 51Developmental Assessments with Adaptive Behavior Sections 52Battelle Developmental Inventory, Second Edition, Normative Update (BDI-2) 53Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) 53Summary 53Test Yourself 55Four Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Intellectual Disability and Genetic Disorders 57Eligibility Versus Diagnosis 58Adaptive Behavior Profiles by Level of Cognition in ID 60Comorbidities with ID 61Incidence and Prevalence of ID 62Etiologies of ID 64Genetic Causes of ID 65Idiopathic and Biomedical Causes of ID 75Summary 76Test Yourself 77Five Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorder 79Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Levels of Cognition 80Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Age 82Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Autism Symptomatology 84Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Sensory Behaviors 85Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Sex 86Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Toddlers and Preschool-Age Children with ASD 87The Impact of Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status on Adaptive Behavior in ASD 89Summary 91Test Yourself 91Six Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders 93Learning Disabilities 93Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 94Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) 96Movement and Motor Disorders 97Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) 97Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) 98Cerebral Palsy 98Tourette’s Syndrome 98Epilepsy 99Hearing Impairments 100Visual Impairments 101Speech, Language, and Communication Disorders 102Summary 103Test Yourself 104Seven Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Adults with Neurodevelopmental Disorders 107Adaptive Profiles in Adults with Intellectual Disability 108Adaptive Profiles in Adults with Genetic Disorders 110Down Syndrome 110Fragile X Syndrome 111Williams Syndrome 112Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder 112Adults with Language Impairments 115Assessment for Intellectual Disability in Prisoners 116The Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Residential and Vocational Success 119Summary 121Test Yourself 121Eight The Role of Adaptive Behavior in Treatment and Intervention 123Factors to Consider in Developing an Intervention Plan 124Identifying Adaptive Behaviors to Target in Intervention 126Evidenced-Based Practices for Treating Adaptive Behavior 130Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) 130Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBIs) 133Social Communication Approaches 134Commercial Products 136Summary 137Test Yourself 138Nine Case Samples 141Case Sample 1: Individual with Intellectual Disability 141Results 142Sample Recommendations for Treatment of Adaptive Behavior 144Case Sample 2: Individual with Autism Spectrum Disorder 145Results 145Sample Recommendations for ASD Educational Programming and Adaptive Behavior 148Case Sample 3: Individual with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 149Results 149Sample Recommendations for Treatment of Adaptive Behavior 153Summary 154References 157About the Authors 183Index 185

CELINE A. SAULNIER, PHD, and CHERYL KLAIMAN, PHD, are Associate Professors in the Department of Pediatrics at the Emory University School of Medicine & Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta.

• Series Preface xvAcknowledgments xviiOne Introduction and History of Adaptive Behavior 1Introduction 1The Birth of Adaptive Behavior 1Adaptive Behavior in the Definition of Intellectual Disability 5Principles of Adaptive Behavior 9Summary 13Test Yourself 14Two Methods of Assessing Adaptive Behavior 17Types of Measures 19Interviews 20Unstructured Interviews 20Semi-Structured and Structured Interviews 21Direct Observation 21Checklists and Rating Scales 21Self-Administered 22Other-Administered 22Purpose of Measure 24Psychometric Properties 25Floor and Ceiling Effects 25Item Density 26Reliability 26Validity 27Adequacy of Normative Samples 28Sociocultural Biases 29Choosing a Measure 30Summary 30Test Yourself 31Three Standardized Measures of Adaptive Behavior 33Vineland Social Maturity Scale 33AAMD/AAMR/AAIDD Adaptive Behavior Scales 35Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS) 36Adaptive Behavior Scale, Public School Version (ABS-PSV) 36Adaptive Behavior Scale, School Edition, and AAMR Adaptive Behavior Scale–School:2 (ABS-S:2) 37Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS) 38Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales 40Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (Vineland ABS) 40Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (Vineland-II) 42Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition (Vineland-3) 43Adaptive Behavior Assessment System 46Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS) 47Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Second Edition (ABAS-II) 47Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Third Edition (ABAS-3) 49Scales of Independent Behavior–Revised (SIB-R) 50Adaptive Behavior Evaluation Scale, Third Edition (ABES-3) 51Developmental Assessments with Adaptive Behavior Sections 52Battelle Developmental Inventory, Second Edition, Normative Update (BDI-2) 53Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) 53Summary 53Test Yourself 55Four Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Intellectual Disability and Genetic Disorders 57Eligibility Versus Diagnosis 58Adaptive Behavior Profiles by Level of Cognition in ID 60Comorbidities with ID 61Incidence and Prevalence of ID 62Etiologies of ID 64Genetic Causes of ID 65Idiopathic and Biomedical Causes of ID 75Summary 76Test Yourself 77Five Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorder 79Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Levels of Cognition 80Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Age 82Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Autism Symptomatology 84Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Sensory Behaviors 85Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Sex 86Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Toddlers and Preschool-Age Children with ASD 87The Impact of Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status on Adaptive Behavior in ASD 89Summary 91Test Yourself 91Six Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders 93Learning Disabilities 93Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 94Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) 96Movement and Motor Disorders 97Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) 97Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) 98Cerebral Palsy 98Tourette’s Syndrome 98Epilepsy 99Hearing Impairments 100Visual Impairments 101Speech, Language, and Communication Disorders 102Summary 103Test Yourself 104Seven Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Adults with Neurodevelopmental Disorders 107Adaptive Profiles in Adults with Intellectual Disability 108Adaptive Profiles in Adults with Genetic Disorders 110Down Syndrome 110Fragile X Syndrome 111Williams Syndrome 112Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder 112Adults with Language Impairments 115Assessment for Intellectual Disability in Prisoners 116The Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Residential and Vocational Success 119Summary 121Test Yourself 121Eight The Role of Adaptive Behavior in Treatment and Intervention 123Factors to Consider in Developing an Intervention Plan 124Identifying Adaptive Behaviors to Target in Intervention 126Evidenced-Based Practices for Treating Adaptive Behavior 130Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) 130Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBIs) 133Social Communication Approaches 134Commercial Products 136Summary 137Test Yourself 138Nine Case Samples 141Case Sample 1: Individual with Intellectual Disability 141Results 142Sample Recommendations for Treatment of Adaptive Behavior 144Case Sample 2: Individual with Autism Spectrum Disorder 145Results 145Sample Recommendations for ASD Educational Programming and Adaptive Behavior 148Case Sample 3: Individual with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 149Results 149Sample Recommendations for Treatment of Adaptive Behavior 153Summary 154References 157About the Authors 183Index 185