Essential Orthodontics

About the AuthorsBirgit Thilander was formerly Professor Emerita at the Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Krister Bjerklin is Associate Professor at the Department of Orthodontics, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education in Jönköping, Sweden.Lars Bondemark is Professor at the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Sweden.

• List of Abbreviations viiPreface ixAcknowledgement xiPart 1 Pretreatment Considerations 11 Orthodontic panorama 3Birgit Thilander, Krister Bjerklin and Lars Bondemark2 Classification of malocclusions 7Lars Bondemark3 Craniofacial growth and development 21Birgit Thilander4 Diagnostic examinations 45Krister Bjerklin and Lars BondemarkPart 2 Treatment Principles of Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Anomalies 575 Sagittal, vertical and transversal discrepancies between the jaws 59Lars Bondemark6 Crowding of teeth 81Krister Bjerklin and Lars Bondemark7 Spacing of teeth 91Birgit Thilander and Krister Bjerklin8 Malposition of single teeth 99Krister BjerklinPart 3 Tissue Response to Orthodontic and Orthopaedic Forces 1119 Tissue response to orthodontic forces 113Brigit Thilander10 Tissue response to orthopaedic forces 127Birgit Thilander11 Possible adverse tissue reactions 135Birgit Thilander and Lars Bondemark12 Retention and post-retention outcome 147Birgit Thilander, Krister Bjerklin and Lars BondemarkIndex 155